普惠小微金融发展下的银行商业可持续性研究  

Research on the Business Sustainability of Banks under the Development of Inclusive Small and Micro Finance

作　　者：叶蜀君[1,2] 刘芳嘉 YE Shu-jun;LIU Fang-jia(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Laboratory of National Economic Security Early-Warning Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044 [2]北京交通大学国家经济安全预警工程北京实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《经济问题》2025年第3期70-80,共11页On Economic Problems

基　　金：北京市国际金融学会研究课题“商业银行数字化转型下普惠小微金融研究”(BIFS242001);北京交通大学国家经济安全预警工程北京实验室资助项目“金融科技发展与风险防范研究”。

摘　　要：增加普惠小微贷款量、降低贷款利率既是政策要求,也是银行社会责任,但是会对银行商业可持续性产生影响。以中国91家商业银行为研究对象,运用耦合协调模型测算普惠小微贷款量、贷款利率与银行商业可持续性三者的协调发展水平,判断三者是否达到协调发展状态,并实证检验增加普惠小微贷款量、降低普惠小微贷款利率对银行商业可持续性的影响。研究发现:(1)普惠小微贷款量、贷款利率与商业可持续性三者的耦合协调发展水平虽在提升,但目前仍未达到协调发展水平。(2)商业银行增加普惠小微贷款量可以降低银行风险承担,但是降低普惠小微贷款利率会导致银行盈利能力下降,并且不同类型商业银行存在异质性。(3)银行数字化转型和地方财政贴息在普惠小微贷款量、贷款利率对银行风险承担和盈利能力产生影响的过程中均具有正向调节作用。The expansion of inclusive microfinance loans and the reduction of their interest rates are both policy requirements and social responsibilities for banks,but they can also impact the commercial sustainability of banks.This study focuses on 91 commercial banks in China and employs a coupling-coordination model to measure the level of coordinated development among inclusive microfinance loan volume,interest rates and the commercial sustainability of banks.It examines whether the three factors have achieved a coordinated development state and empirically tests the impact of increasing the volume of inclusive microfinance loans and reducing the interest rates on the commercial sustainability of banks.The results show that(:1)Although the level of coupling and coordinated development of inclusive small and micro loans,loan interest rates and business sustainability is improving,it has not yet reached the level of coordinated development.(2)Increasing the amount of inclusive small and micro loans by commercial banks can reduce banks’risk taking,but reducing the interest rate of inclusive small and micro loans will lead to a decrease in bank profitability,and there is heterogeneity among different types of commercial banks.(3)The digital transformation of banks and local fiscal interest discounts have a positive moderating effect on the impact of inclusive small and micro loans and loan interest rates on banks’risk-taking and profitability.

关 键 词：普惠小微金融 商业可持续性 银行数字化转型 财政贴息 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]