论无讼文明  

On Non-Litigation Civilization

作　　者：贺海仁[1] HE Hairen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第2期18-33,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华传统法律文化中的无讼观及其实践研究”(项目编号:24&ZD139)的研究成果。

摘　　要：无讼是儒家解决社会矛盾纠纷的最终目标,是实现“大学之道”的实践方案。“以德化诉”与“以德化争”提供了两种解决纠纷的方案,旨在实现案结事了人和。通过“知本”蕴含的无讼关系原理,孔子、康子和子路分别提出了中国传统社会解决纠纷的三种模式,突显了无讼作为理想类型的价值。无讼关系揭示了中国先贤关于人之关系究竟为何的理论假设,预设人的本质属性是人伦道德,人与他人是共存共生的关系。中华民族无讼观是中华民族宇宙观、天下观、社会观和道德观的反映和实践,深刻体现了息讼无讼、追求和合的价值理念和话语逻辑。与包含畏讼、轻讼、厌讼、贱讼等观念的抑讼文化不同,无讼表达了中华文明的和平性,是具有中国古代优秀法律文化基因的代表性文明形态之一。作为一种理想类型的分析方法,无讼关系是和合共生的关系理性,展现了实践、合作、和平等和谐理性结构。由无讼关系开发的新熟人关系否定了霍布斯式的敌人关系,超越了洛克式对抗性的竞争关系,体现了人类命运共同体的社会基础。基于无讼的人类关系理念,中华民族无讼观有助于提升国际争端解决体制机制的新高度,推动世界和平事业的发展,创造人类文明的新形态。Non-litigation is the ultimate goal of Confucianism to resolve social conflicts and disputes,and a practical plan to realize the"way of the Great Learning"."Virtue-based settlement of litigation"and"virtue-based settlement of disputes"provide two ways of resolving disputes,with the aim to achieve the resolution of the case,the conclusion of the matter,and harmony among the parties.Through the principle of non-litigation relationship embodied in"Zhiben(understanding the root)",Confucius,Master Kang and Zilu respectively put forward three modes of dispute resolution in traditional Chinese society,highlighting the value of non-litigation as an ideal type.The non-litigation relationship reveals the theoretical assumptions of the Chinese sages about what the personal relationship is,and presupposing that the essential attribute of human beings is human morality,and that human beings and others are in a relationship of coexistence and symbiosis.The Chinese nation's view of non-litigation is the demonstration and practice of the Chinese nation's view of the universe,the world,society and morality,and profoundly embodies the value concept and discourse logic of ending litigation,non-litigation and pursuing harmony.Different from the anti-litigation culture which includes the concepts of dreading litigation,belittling litigation,disliking litigation,and disdaining litigation,non-litigation expresses the peaceful nature of Chinese civilization and is one of the representative forms of civilization with the excellent legal culture genes of ancient China.As an analytic method of the ideal type,the non-litigation relationship is a harmonious and symbiotic rationality of relationship,which shows a harmonious and rational structure of practice,cooperation,and peace.The new acquaintance relationship developed by the non-litigation relationship negates the Hobbesian enemy relationship,transcends the Lockean confrontational competition relationship,and embodies the social foundation of a community with a shared future for mankind.

关 键 词：文明 中华民族无讼观 无讼关系 和解理性 人类和平 

分 类 号：DF09[政治法律—法学理论]