中国传统守法模式的特点、价值与优化途径——兼与西方“法律信仰”话语比较  

The Characteristics,Value,and Optimization Path of Traditional Chinese Law-abiding Mode--Also A Comparison with the Western Discourse of"Belief in the Law"

作　　者：孙康[1] SUN Kang

机构地区：[1]山东大学习近平法治思想研究中心,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第2期34-51,共18页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金特别委托项目“革命根据地法律史研究(1921-1949)”(项目编号:23@ZH001);山东省高等学校“青创科技支持计划”项目“司法工作全面贯彻习近平法治思想研究”(项目编号:2021RW001);青岛市社会科学规划研究项目“习近平法治思想视域下‘文史哲法学’范式的发展研究”(项目编号:QDSKL2401004)的研究成果。

摘　　要：“法律信仰”是对西方守法模式常见的概括性表达,具有高度经典性与广泛的话语影响力,但其难以解释中国传统守法模式。西方式法治体系建立在深厚的宗教背景之下,但这不意味着“法律信仰说”代表人类社会最理想的守法状态,同时西方的守法传统也不宜被夸大和拔高。中国传统守法模式深受儒家影响,法家亦在其中发挥一定功能。该模式具有原创性与独特性,亦存在需向现代性转化的面向。西方的法律信仰说虽在法学理论的建构上具有先发优势,但不适宜用来描述中国的守法传统。当下在中国对“法律信仰”的使用旨在强调对法律权威的服从,即对中国特色社会主义法治体系的认同与遵守,并无宗教意味。将中国传统守法模式与法律信仰说进行对比,可发现中国以“家庭—教育—道德”为根基的传统守法模式比法律信仰话语更具有持久性、稳定性和实践性。通过弘扬中华优秀传统法律文化,促进全民守法及德治、法治与自治相交融,发挥基层组织作用,可提升中国传统守法模式的当代价值,助益中国式法治现代化事业。"Belief in the Law"is a common general expression of the western law-abiding mode,and enjoys great classical significance and broad discursive influence,but it fails to precisely describe traditional Chinese law-abiding model.The Western rule-of-law system is established under a deep religious background,but this does not mean that"the doctrine of belief in the law"represents the ideal law-abiding state of human society,and at the same time it is not suitable to exaggerate and idealize the Western law-abiding tradition.The traditional Chinese law-abiding mode is mainly influenced by Confucianism and legalism has played a certain role in it.Such mode enjoys originality and uniqueness,and there are also facets necessary to be transformed into modernity.Although the western doctrine of belief in the law has a first-mover advantage in the construction of legal theory,it is not suitable to describe the Chinese law-abiding tradition as"belief in the law".The current use of"belief in the law"in China is intended to emphasize obedience to legal authority,specifically the identification and observance of the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics,which has no religious connotation.By comparing the traditional Chinese law-abiding mode with the doctrine of belief in the law,it could be found that traditional Chinese law-abiding mode based on family-education-morality has characteristics of being more enduring,stable and practical than the discourse of belief in the law.It may effectively optimize the contemporary path of traditional Chinese law-abiding mode,and benefit the undertaking of Chinese modernization of the rule of law by promoting Chinese excellent traditional legal culture,fostering universal law-abiding and the integration of rule of virtue,rule of law and self-governance,and giving play to the role of primary-level organizations to enhance the sense of identification of rule of law.

关 键 词：法律信仰 中国传统守法模式 法律儒家化 全民守法 基层组织 

分 类 号：DF0[政治法律—法学理论]