《立法法》全国人大及其常委会授权条款的体系解释  

Systematic Interpretation of the Clauses on Authorization by the National People's Congress and Its Standing Committee in the Legislation Law

作　　者：邢伟星 XING Weixing

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第2期102-114,共13页Political Science and Law

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系研究”(项目编号:22ZDA073)的研究成果。

摘　　要：《立法法》全国人大及其常委会授权条款建立了国家立法授权机制,但学界对以上条款中全国人大及其常委会的授权权限仍存在认识分歧,有必要予以厘清。在立法领域,我国宪法意义上的“全国人大及其常委会授权”,系作为国家权力机关的全国人大及其常委会在权力一元化基础上二次分配自身立法职权,权宜调整国家权力体系中的立法权分工,建构并运行国家授权立法体制的机制。在理论层面,全国人大及其常委会立法授权受到授权事项和立法权样态的双重限制,即针对法律保留事项只能授予法律制定权和法律修改权。相应地,存在两种具体的理论形态:针对尚未制定法律且不属于绝对保留范围的事项,可以授予法律制定权;对于已经制定法律的事项,可以授予法律修改权。我国现行法律中,《立法法》全国人大及其常委会授权条款规定了相应的授权权限及其现实路径。其中,授权暂调或者暂停适用法律规定是全国人大及其常委会授予其他国家机关法律修改权的行为,《立法法》第16条为此建构起相应的现实路径;第12条至第14条则建构起其授予国务院法律制定权的现实路径。The clauses on authorization by the National People's Congress(NPC)and its Standing Committee(NPCSC)in the Legislation Law have established the national legislative authorization mechanism,however,the academic community still has different understandings of the authority in the authorization by the NPC and the NPCSC in the above clauses,thus it is necessary to make clarification.In the field of legislation,the"authorization by the NPC and the NPCSC"in the sense of the Constitution of China is a mechanism for the NPC and the NPCSC,as state power organs,to redistribute their legislative power on the basis of the unitary power,adjust the division of legislative power in the state power system as appropriate,and construct and operate the nationally authorized legislation system.At the theoretical level,the legislative authorization by the NPC and the NPCSC is subject to the dual restrictions of the authorized matters and the form of legislative power,that is,it pertains to matters subject to legal reservation and only the power to enact or amend laws can be authorized.Correspondingly,there are two specific theoretical forms:for those matters without enacted laws and not within the scope of absolute legal reservation,the power to enact laws may be authorized;and for those matters with enacted laws,the power to amend laws may be authorized.In China's current laws,the clauses on authorization by the NPC and the NPCSC in the Legislation Law stipulate the corresponding authority of authorization and its practical paths.Among them,the authorized temporary adjustment of or suspension of the application of legal provisions is an act of the NPC and NPCSC of granting other state organs the power to amend laws,and Article 16 of the Legislation Law develops a corresponding practical path therefor;Articles 12 to 14 of the Legislation Law develops the practical paths for the NPC and NPCSC to grant the State Council the power to enact laws.

关 键 词：立法法 全国人大及其常委会 立法授权 法律保留 体系解释 

分 类 号：DF01[政治法律—法学理论]