环境信息依法披露的功能定位与优化路径  

Functional Positioning and Optimization Path of Legal Disclosur e of Environmental Information

作　　者：秦天宝[1] QIN Tianbao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第2期115-129,共15页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：环境信息依法披露是生态环境治理体系的基础性内容。环境信息依法披露制度遵循从外源到内生、从边缘到核心、从个别到体系的演化逻辑,呈现出本土化改造不彻底、法律系统不兼容以及制度衔接不顺畅等问题,其核心在于环境信息依法披露的功能定位不清晰。环境信息依法披露的功能定位应当是生态环境治理体系中的连接政府监管和企业自治的“桥梁”,是多元共治主体的连接点,是现代生态环境治理体系中的衔接性制度设计。自愿披露为主、强制披露为辅的披露模式难以实现对环境公共利益的保护以及对环境风险的预防与控制,而强制披露为主、自愿披露为辅的披露模式是健全生态环境治理体系和消弭环境信息不对称的现实需要。环境信息成本、比例原则以及规制模式转型的约束为环境信息依法披露强制性与自愿性划清边界。The legal disclosure of environmental information is the fundamental content of the ecological environment governance system.The system of legal disclosure of environmental information has gone through an evolutionary logic from external to internal,from periphery to core,and from individual to systematic,presenting problems such as incomplete localization transformation,incompatible legal systems,and unsmooth institutional connection,with the core lying in the unclear functional positioning of legal disclosure of environmental information.The functional positioning of legal disclosure of environmental information should be a"bridge"connecting government supervision and enterprise autonomy in the ecological environment governance system,a linking point for diverse governance subjects,and a connecting-style institutional design in the modern ecological environment governance system.It is difficult for the disclosure model with voluntary disclosure as the primary approach and mandatory disclosure as a supplementary approach to protect public environmental interest and prevent and control environmental risks,whereas the disclosure model with mandatory disclosure as the primary approach and voluntary disclosure as a supplementary approach is a practical need for the ecological environment governance system and the elimination of environmental information asymmetry.The constraints of environmental information cost,proportionality principle,and regulatory mode transformation clarify the boundary between mandatory and voluntary disclosure of environmental information in accordance with the law.

关 键 词：环境信息 信息披露 功能定位 环境规制 

分 类 号：DF468[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]