原因自由行为理论的责任主义困境及其化解——从行为时点到结果归属  

The Predicament of the Doctrine of Responsibility in Actio Libera in Causa Theory and Its Solution--From Determining the Time of the Action to Evaluating the Attribution of the Result

作　　者：邓毅丞 DENG Yicheng

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第2期130-147,共18页Political Science and Law

基　　金：广州市法学会2024年度委托课题“原因自由行为的处罚根据研究”的研究成果。

摘　　要：有关原因自由行为理论与责任主义的冲突,传统的化解方法是调整与责任能力同时存在的行为时点,并由此衍生出实行模式和责任模式的对立。这种方法论注重实行行为和责任行为的关系,却忽略了原因行为和结果行为整体评价的实质根据,很容易陷入循环论证和转移论题等误区。精神障碍状态是原因行为与结果行为之间的介入因素。如果原因行为创设足以让行为人在精神障碍状态下实施结果行为的类型危险性并使该危险现实化为结果行为,原因行为与结果行为就能整体评价。那么,原因行为实施时的责任能力就能成为谴责原因自由行为的基础。因此,应采取以行为危险现实化为中心的结果归属论。该理论对原因自由行为的故意认定同样适用。在结果行为能够归属于原因行为的情况下,原因行为时的故意和结果行为时的故意都能作为原因自由行为的故意。同时,应注意原因自由行为中对不同结果的故意以及中间阶段故意等特殊问题。For the conflict between the actio libera in causa theory and t he doctrine of responsibility,the traditional solution is to adjust the time point of action which coexists with the culpable capacity,thus giving birth to the opposition between the mode of perpetration and the mode of responsibility.This methodology attaches importance to the relationship between the perpetration of proscribed conduct and the culpable conduct,but neglects the substantive basis for the holistic evaluation of the causal act and the resulting act,which is easy to get into the fallacies of circular argument and topic shift.The state of mental disorder is an intervening factor between the causal act and the resulting act.If the causal act creates a type of risk sufficient to cause the actor to perpetrate the resulting act at the state of mental disorder and transform the risk into the resulting act,the causal act and the resulting act can be evaluated in a holistic manner.Thus,the culpable capacity at the time of perpetrating the causal act can become the basis for condemning the actio libera in causa.Therefore,it is imperative to adopt the result attribution theory centered on the realization of behavioral risk.Such theory is also applicable to the determination of intention in the actio libera in causa.In the case that the resulting act can be attributed to the causal act,both the intention in the causal act and the resulting act can be regarded as the intention in the the actio libera in causa.At the same time,it is imperative to pay attention to the special issues of intention of different results and intention of intermediate stage in actio libera in causa.

关 键 词：原因自由行为理论 行为时点论 结果归属论 行为危险现实化 故意认定 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]