航空复合材料结构制造缺陷超声检测研究进展  

Research Progress on Ultrasonic Testing of Manufacturing Defects of Aerospace Composite Structures

作　　者：张振[1] 许昊润 倪福鹏 徐海锋 杨伟东[1] 李岩[1] ZHANG Zhen;XU Haorun;NI Fupeng;XU Haifeng;YANG Weidong;LI Yan(School ofAerospace Engineering andApplied Mechanics,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学航空航天与力学学院,上海200092

出　　处：《力学季刊》2025年第1期1-19,共19页Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12202313);航空科学基金(2024M051038001)。

摘　　要：随着复合材料制造工艺的不断进步和民航对经济性要求的不断提高,轻质高强复合材料结构在航空航天领域的应用已从薄壁次承力结构逐步扩展到大厚度、变截面的主承力结构.这些复杂复合材料结构件的广泛应用对其制造可靠性验证提出了更高要求.然而,由于层状各向异性以及航空结构外形的复杂性,主承力复合材料结构制造过程中易出现分层、孔隙、纤维褶皱及树脂富集等缺陷,这些微观结构异常将显著劣化构件的宏观力学性能.超声检测技术凭借其高穿透性、高灵敏度和良好的适用性,成为航空复合材料结构缺陷检测的重要手段.本文首先介绍了航空复合材料结构制造缺陷的类型及特征,重点分析了孔隙、分层、纤维褶皱和树脂富集等缺陷的成因及其对结构力学性能的影响.接着,评述了近年来超声检测技术在层合薄板及大厚度复合材料结构中对单一制造缺陷和混合缺陷的检测研究进展.随后,探讨了人工智能技术在复合材料结构缺陷诊断中的应用.最后,分析了当前航空复合材料结构超声检测技术面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展趋势.With the continuous advancement of composite manufacturing technology and the requirements of civil aviation for economy,the application of lightweight and high-strength composite structures in the aerospace field has gradually expanded from thin-walled secondary load-bearing structures to large-thickness,variable-section main load-bearing structures.The wide application of these complex composite structural parts has raised higher requirements for their manufacturing reliability verification.However,due to the anisotropy of the composite materials and the complexity of the shape of the aviation structure,defects such as delamination,pores,fiber waviness,and resin-rich layers are prone to occur during the manufacturing process of the main load-bearing composite structure.These microstructural anomalies significantly degrade the macro-mechanical performance of the composite components.Ultrasonic testing has become an important technology of defect detection in aerospace composite structures due to its high penetration,high sensitivity and good applicability.In this paper,we first introduce the types and characteristics of manufacturing defects in aerospace composite structures,focusing on the analysis of the causes of defects such as pores,delamination,fiber waviness and resin-rich layers and their effects on the mechanical properties of the structure.Then,the research progress of ultrasonic testing in the detection of single-type manufacturing defects and mixed-type defects in thin laminate and thick composite structures in recent years is reviewed.Subsequently,the application of artificial intelligence technology in the defect diagnosis of composite structure is discussed.Finally,the challenges faced by the current ultrasonic testing of aviation composite structures are analyzed,and the future development trend is prospected.

关 键 词：航空复合材料 制造可靠性 混合缺陷 大厚度 超声检测 

分 类 号：O341[理学—固体力学]