基于汽车低频减振降噪的局域共振声子晶体设计与分析  

Design and Analysis of Locally Resonant Phononic Crystals Based on Low-Frequency Vibration Reduction and Noise Control in Automobiles

作　　者：王昕玥 李成 郭丽敏 陈振宇 WANG Xinyue;LI Cheng;GUO Limin;CHEN Zhenyu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu Institute of Technology,Changzhou 213163,Jiangsu,China;School of Automotive Engineering,Changzhou Institute of Technology,Changzhou 213032,Jiangsu,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院机械工程学院,江苏常州213163 [2]常州工学院汽车工程学院,江苏常州213032 [3]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《力学季刊》2025年第1期87-98,共12页Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12272064);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20241773);常州市新能源汽车“三电系统”与运行品质控制重点实验室基金(CM2024008)。

摘　　要：低频振动与噪声大小是评价汽车舒适性的重要指标.本文针对汽车板件的低频振动与控制问题,提出了一种基于局域共振机理的板型二维声子晶体模型.采用有限元方法确定了该声子晶体的带隙范围,分析了声子晶体带隙产生的机理.然后计算了声子晶体板的传输特性曲线,同时对比了振动位移图.结果表明:在62.48~74.16Hz频率范围该结构出现完全带隙;基体板与圆柱振子在特定频率内存在耦合作用,导致其在该频率范围内形成带隙;在带隙范围内,弹性波在声子晶体板中的传播得到了有效限制;通过改变结构的材料与几何参数可以将带隙频率范围调节到满足更多实际应用需求的低频区间.本文提出的结构设计及其分析方法在汽车低频减振降噪等工程领域中具有广阔的应用前景.Low-frequency vibrations and noise levels are important indicators for evaluating automobile comfort.To address the issue of low-frequency vibrations and their control in automotive panel structures,we proposed a plate-type two-dimensional phononic crystal design based on the local resonance mechanism.The bandgap range of the phononic crystal was determined through the finite element method,and the mechanism of bandgap formation was analyzed.Subsequently,the transmission characteristics curve of the phononic crystal plate was calculated,and comparisons were also carried out for the vibration displacement.The results indicate that a complete bandgap appears in the plate within the frequency range from 62.48 Hz to 74.16 Hz.Within this frequency range,coupling effects between the base plate and the cylindrical resonators occur,leading to the formation of the bandgap.Elastic waves in the phononic crystal plate are successfully confined within the bandgap range.By adjusting the material and geometric parameters of the structure,the bandgap frequency range can be tuned to meet the requirements of more practical low-frequency applications.The structural design and analysis method proposed in this paper have broad application prospects in engineering fields such as low-frequency vibration reduction and noise control in automobiles.

关 键 词：声子晶体 振动控制 完全带隙 局域共振 低频减振降噪 

分 类 号：O429[理学—声学] TB535[理学—物理]