备案审查在宪法监督中的定位、完善重点及合宪合法性检讨  

On the Positioning,Improvement Direction,and the Constitutionality and Legality Review of Record and Review in Constitutional Supervision

作　　者：刘松山 LIU Songshan

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第3期2-18,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“以人民代表大会制度为重要制度载体实现全过程人民民主研究”(项目编号:23AZD041)的研究成果。

摘　　要：备案审查与宪法监督有一定关系,但不能将两者混同起来,甚至过于乐观地认为备案审查就是宪法监督。完善备案审查制度需要分步骤扩大备案范围,以制定法律的方式对各类规范性文件的备案审查程序进行规定,建立起全国人大常委会终局裁决的制度以及对法律违反宪法的审查监督制度。全国人大的专门委员会和常委会工作机构开展备案审查工作取得了重要进展,积极意义不可否认,但其中可能存在的合宪合法性问题也需谨慎研究。宪法、法律设立这两个机构的初衷,是保证人大及其常委会能够经常性地开展工作,而不是削弱和代替人大及其常委会的工作。由法制工作机构向常委会做备案审查工作情况的报告,并不能表明其所开展的相关工作就代表了常委会的意志。全国人大常委会《关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定》所规定的六个审查标准是否完全合宪合法,似可研究。The Record and Review is somehow related to the Constitutional Supervision,but we should not confuse them or even overly optimistic to believe that Record and Review equals to Constitutional Supervision.To improve the Record and Review system,it is necessary to expand the record scope step by step,to stipulate the procedures for the record and review of various normative documents by making laws,to establish a system for the final ruling by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and a system for reviewing and supervising laws which violate the Constitution.The special committee of the National People's Congress and the affairs agency of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress have made significant progress in conducting the Record and Review work,and their positive impacts cannot be denied,but it is also necessary to carefully study the possible issues concerning the constitutionality and legality of their work in this domain.The original intention of the Constitution and the Laws to establish these two organs was to ensure that the people's congress and its standing committee can carry out their work on a regular basis,rather than weakening or substituting the work of the people's congress and its standing committee.The fact that the legislative affairs agency makes reports to the Standing Committee on the situation of the work of Record and Review does not prove that the relevant work carried out by legislative affairs agency represents the will of the Standing Committee.It is seemingly subject to study whether the review standards stipulated in the decision of the Standing Committee of National People's Congress on strengthening and improving the Record and Review system are completely constitutional and lawful.

关 键 词：备案审查 宪法监督 扩大范围 健全程序 审查标准 工作报告 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]