中国合宪性审查的类型化区分  

Typology-based Distinction of Constitutionality Review in China

作　　者：朱学磊 ZHU Xuelei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第3期19-33,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(项目编号:DF2023ZD07)资助。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,我国的合宪性审查工作取得了长足进步,但传统的合宪性审查概念难以周延解释我国的合宪性审查实践。整体而言,我国事实上存在两种性质、三种类型的合宪性审查。根据审查主体对合宪性审查是否享有裁量空间,可以将合宪性审查分为羁束性合宪性审查与裁量性合宪性审查两种性质。羁束性合宪性审查又可以进一步分为基于法定职责的合宪性审查与基于依宪执政要求的合宪性审查两种类型;裁量性合宪性审查则是指基于宪法监督权的合宪性审查。三种类型的合宪性审查在审查依据、发生场景和规范效力等方面存在差异,在实践中相互影响,共同构成了当代中国合宪性审查的完整面向。对合宪性审查进行类型化区分,有助于准确把握合宪性审查在我国的丰富内涵,推动建构中国特色的合宪性审查制度体系。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the work of constitutionality review in China has made much progress,but the traditional concept of constitutionality review cannot explain its practices properly.Overall,there are in fact two natures and three types of constitutionality review in China.Depending on whether the reviewing body can exercise discretion in the constitutionality review,the constitutionality review can be divided into two natures:compulsory constitutionality review and discretionary constitutionality review,and the compulsory constitutionality review can be divided further into two types:constitutionality review based on legal responsibilities and constitutionality review based on the requirement of constitution-based exercise of the state power.Discretionary constitutionality review refers to the constitutionality review based on the power of constitutional supervision.These three types of constitutionality review enjoy differences in review bases,applicable situations and normative effects and interact with each other in practices,thus jointly constituting the complete facets of constitutionality review in current China.The typologybased distinction of constitutionality review will help precisely understand the rich connotation of the constitutionality review in China and promote the construction of the constitutionality review system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：合宪性审查 法定职责 依宪执政 宪法监督权 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]