单位犯罪刑事制裁的优化  

On Optimizing Criminal Sanctions for Entity-committed Crimes

作　　者：时延安[1] SHI Yan'an

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第3期50-63,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全支持民营经济发展的刑事法治研究”(项目编号:20&ZD198)的研究成果。

摘　　要：单位犯罪刑事法律制度的完善,应统筹考虑实体法和程序法的立法活动,在刑法立法方面应考虑调整和增设有关单位犯罪及其刑事制裁的法律规范。全面构建单位刑事制裁体系,应当在坚持单位组织体责任理论并厘清其应有内涵的前提下,重新思考单位的刑事可罚性,进而明确对单位的刑罚目的,即一方面对单位犯罪同样要坚持责任报应理念,另一方面要突出预防目的的实现,重点强调改造和积极一般预防目的的意义,在少数情况下考虑剥夺犯罪能力的实现;应循宪法理论和现有规范,确定单位应享有的基本权利,进而将限制和剥夺单位基本权利的行为规定为对单位的刑罚类型;根据对单位的刑罚目的和应然的刑罚类型,结合量刑和行刑基本法理,构建单位量刑和行刑制度。Regarding the improvement of legal system on criminal entities,it is imperative to comprehensively consider the legislative activities of substantive and procedural laws,namely,to consider the adjustment and supplementation of legal norms on entities-committed crimes and their criminal sanctions in criminal legislation.For holistically establishing the system of criminal sanctions for entities,it is imperative to,on basis of insisting on the theory of the organization-based liability of an entity and clarifying its proper connotation,reconsider the criminal punishability for entities and then make clear the aims of criminal punishment for entities,namely,on one hand,the concept of retribution-based liability should be insisted on for entities-committed crime,and on the other hand,the realization of the preventive aim should be highlighted,with emphasis on the significance of the aim of rehabilitation and positively general prevention,and under rare conditions consider the realization of the aim of deprive the perpetrator of ability to commit a crime.It is imperative to follow constitutional theories and current norms to determine basic rights duly enjoyed by entities,and then stipulates the limitation and deprivation of basic rights of entities as types of criminal punishments for entities.Specific suggestions on establishing systems on sentences and execution of criminal punishments for entities are put forward according to aims of criminal punishments for entities and proper types of criminal punishments,in combination with basic legal theories on sentences and execution of criminal punishments.

关 键 词：单位刑事制裁 刑罚目的 刑罚类型 单位量刑 单位行刑 

分 类 号：DF613[政治法律—刑法学]