商业银行业务范围规则的立法缺陷及其弥补  

The Legislative Defects of the Rules on the Business Scope of Commercial Banks and Their Remedies

作　　者：刘志伟[1] LIU Zhiwei

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第3期125-143,共19页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“《商业银行法》修改的重点问题研究”(项目编号:20XFX017)的研究成果。

摘　　要：当下中国商业银行业务范围规则的立法安排,遵循的是分业格局下少数业务交叉的经营逻辑,但混业已在实践中借助“兜底补充”和“混业例外”条款从特殊走向一般。执行“兜底补充”和“混业例外”条款中权力行使的错位、越位与缺位,并非简单源于概括授权,更深层的原因是“正面清单”和“负面清单”业务分级分类的制度设计缺失。商业银行业务范围规则的设计缺陷伴随立法而生,但直到新近商业银行表内业务同业化、表外化和同业业务、表外业务通道化状况的出现,才逐渐暴露,亟待弥补。立法技术的优劣会影响商业银行业务范围规则的适用效果,但立法缺陷弥补不应止步于立法技术,而应追本溯源地探究商业银行的本质属性,找出核心业务的识别路径、附属业务的类型划分标准。当下中国商业银行综合经营的现实及其风险管理诉求,又进一步决定了商业银行业务范围规则立法缺陷弥补之文本内容优化、条款结构整合,应建立在基于风险隔离的综合经营逻辑基础上。The current legislation on the business scope of commercial banks in China follows the logic of cross-operation of a few businesses under the pattern of separation,but the practice of mixed businesses has developed from the fringe to the mainstream in reality with the help of"supplementation through catch-all"clause and"mixed business as the exception"clause.The misalignment,overreach,and vacancy in the power exercise concerning"supplementation through catch-all"clause and"mixed business as the exception"clause are not simply due to the generalized authorization,and the deeper underlying cause is the lack of design in the system of tiered and categorized businesses in the"positive list"and"negative list".The design defects in rules on the business scope of commercial banks emerge with the legislation,but they have gradually come to light until the recent outbreak of phenomena of interbanking of on-balance sheet business and off-balance sheet treatment of on-balance sheet business,channelization of interbanking business and off-balance sheet business,thus needing to be urgently remedied.The advantages and disadvantages of legislative technique will affect the applicable effect of rules on the business scope of commercial banks,but the pursuit of remedies for its defects should not be stopped here,and should be traced back to the source to explore the essential attributes of commercial banks,and find out the identification path of core businesses and the typological standard of subsidiary businesses.The current reality of the comprehensive operation of Chinese commercial banks and their risk management demands further determine that the remedies for legislative defects of rules on business scope of commercial banks,i.e.,optimization of text content and adjustment of clause structure,should be conducted on basis of the logic of comprehensive operation based on risk isolation.

关 键 词：商业银行 综合经营 业务范围 正面清单 兜底条款 

分 类 号：DF438[政治法律—经济法学]