晚明县域社会救济事业与地方秩序维护——以嘉善县的慈善活动为中心  

Social Relief and Local Order Maintenance of Count-Level Society in the Late Ming Dynasty: Centered on the Charitable Activities in Jiashan County

作　　者：冯贤亮[1] Feng Xianliang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2025年第1期120-130,207,208,F0003,共14页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“唐宋以来太湖平原的环境变化与治理研究”(24&ZD272)。

摘　　要：晚明社会复杂多变,基层治理繁难,但从城市到乡村,以乡绅富室为主导的慈善救助事业,有了长足的发展。江南地区的慈善活动,显得比较耀眼,尤以明末嘉善县乡绅陈龙正等人倡行的同善会较具代表性。自宣德年间嘉善建县后,地方社会生活中存在的慈风善脉绵绵不绝,不仅重视基层社会的思想教化,也重视物质救济,不仅在县域社会内有着深远影响,在晚明中国也极具代表性。纵向历史的考察,可以更好地呈现出慈善活动的全貌及士人倡扬活动的轨迹。而廓清基层社会中乡绅富室的慈善活动及其秩序维护作用,有助于理解传统时代儒家伦理、道德观念与善行、义举等实践的正统化表述,从而进一步充实晚明县域社会治理、富户救济的历史论述以及明清社会生活延续的思考。The society of the late Ming Dynasty was complex and unstable, and grassroots governance was difficult and cumbersome. However, from cities to rural areas, charitable relief undertakings led by gentry and wealthy households had made considerable progress, especially in the Jiangnan area. One of the key examples of this is the Tongshan Association initiated by Chen Longzheng, a local gentry member in Jiashan County in late Ming Dynasty. Since the founding of Jiashan County during the reign of the Xuande emperor, the tradition of charity in social life had persisted. It not only emphasized ideological education at the grass-root society but also attached importance to material relief. These activities had a profound impact on county level society and were also highly representative in the late Ming China. A longitudinal investigation of these activities, as well as the advocacy of scholars, provides insight into how local gentry and wealthy households worked to maintain social order. This helps us to understand the expression of Confucian ethics, moral concepts, and practices such as good deeds and righteous acts during the Ming era, thus enriching historical discussions on county-level governance,charitable practices and social life in both the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

关 键 词：晚明 县域社会 慈善救济 基层治理 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]