电机用脂润滑深沟球轴承的密封性能研究  

Sealing performance of deep groove ball bearings lubricated with grease for electric motors

作　　者：高利霞 王呈豪 张乾 雷申 邓四二[2] GAO Lixia;WANG Chenghao;ZHANG Qian;LEI Shen;DENG Sier(AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment,Chengdu 610000,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院,四川成都610000 [2]河南科技大学机电工程学院,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《机电工程》2025年第3期432-440,450,共10页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C01095)。

摘　　要：电机用深沟球轴承密封性能的好坏直接影响到轴承的使用寿命,同时近年来很多电机轴承出现早期失效的事故,都是由于密封问题引起的。为此,研究了电机轴承接触式密封圈密封性能的影响因素,即润滑脂非牛顿特性以及轴承整体腔内温度和压力对接触式密封圈密封性能的影响。首先,建立了密封区域一维流场及其温度场的数值模型;然后,基于流体动力学理论,结合其温度特性,建立了分别描述轴承密封唇流场和温度场的雷诺方程与能量方程,采用有限差分方法对该数值模型进行了求解;最后,研究了不同接触式密封唇几何结构与轴承在不同工况下密封区域的温升以及润滑脂的泄漏,并通过试验对其密封性能进行了论证。研究结果表明:密封件几何结构与轴承工况对脂润滑球轴承密封性能影响显著,且影响的程度与润滑脂幂律指数有着直接的关系,密封唇初始油膜厚度或接触宽度增加,润滑脂泄漏速率变化规律均为先减小后增大;润滑脂的泄漏随着工况参数的增加而增大,预测密封寿命则相反;选用较小幂律指数的润滑脂可有效减小润滑脂泄漏速率。The sealing performance of deep groove ball bearings for motors directly affects the service life of bearings.At the same time,many early failure accidents of motor bearings in recent years are caused by sealing problems.Therefore,the influence factors on the sealing performance of contact sealing ring of motor bearing,that is,the non-Newtonian characteristics of grease and the temperature and pressure in the whole bearing cavity were studied.Firstly,a geometric model and a numerical model of the one-dimensional flow field and temperature field in the sealing area were established,and the sealing performance of grease lubricated ball bearings using contact sealing was studied.Then,based on fluid dynamics theory and its temperature characteristics,Reynolds equations and energy equations were respectively established to describe the flow field and temperature field of the bearing sealing lip.Finite difference method was used for numerical solution.Finally,the temperature rise and grease leakage in the sealing area of different contact sealing lip geometries and sealing bearings under different working conditions were studied and demonstrated through experiments.The research results indicate that the geometric structure of the sealing element and the bearing operating conditions have a significant impact on the sealing performance of grease lubricated ball bearings,and the degree of influence is directly related to the power-law index of the lubricating grease.As the initial oil film thickness or contact width of the sealing lip increases,the change law of the lubricating grease leakage rate decreases first and then increases.The leakage of lubricating grease increases with the increase of operating parameters,while the predicted sealing life is the opposite.Choosing lubricating grease with a smaller power-law index can effectively reduce the leakage rate of lubricating grease.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 接触式唇形密封圈 密封唇流场分析 数值模拟 雷诺方程 脂润滑泄漏速率 润滑脂幂律指数 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TM3[电气工程—电机]