基于响应面法的铆压型轮毂轴承单元内圈结构优化试验研究  

Experimental study on inner ring structure optimization of riveted wheel bearing unit based on response surface method

作　　者：车文侃 李立新[3] 汪峰 CHE Wenkan;LI Lixin;WANG Feng(Polytechnic Institute,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310015,China;Zhejiang Wanxiang Precision Industry Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311202,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学工程师学院,浙江杭州310015 [2]浙江万向精工有限公司,浙江杭州311202 [3]浙江大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《机电工程》2025年第3期491-500,共10页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：杭州市萧山区重大科技计划项目(2020111)。

摘　　要：针对轮毂轴承铆压成型后产品铆压强度和稳定性不足的问题,对铆压成型过程进行了原理分析、模拟仿真、优化设计和试验验证等方面的研究。首先,分析了铆压成型设备和原理,获得了铆头运动轨迹方程;采用ABAQUS软件构建了轮毂轴承铆压成型有限元模型,并对该模型的准确性进行了验证;分析了法兰轴端变形区域的应变,获得了铆压过程中容易开裂影响铆压强度的区域;然后,应用响应面方法,以铆压预紧力与内圈外径变化量的比值(RPC)为优化目标,对该区域的斜线角度θ、斜线距离L、圆角半径R三个结构参数进行了优化,获得了RPC的优化最大值和以上三个结构参数优化结果,并通过数值计算和试验,对优化结果的可靠性进行了验证;最后,针对优化结构后的内圈铆压装配成的轴承,进行了铆压松脱力试验和铆压强度试验。研究结果表明:斜线距离L是最显著影响RPC的因素,斜线角度θ与圆角半径R的交互作用对RPC的影响也很显著,而斜线距离L和圆角半径R没有明显的交互影响;使用优化结构后的内圈铆压装配成的轴承具有较强的轴向预紧能力和较高的铆压强度。Aiming at the problem of insufficient strength and stability of the products after riveting forming of wheel bearing unit,a comprehensive study of the riveting forming process was executed by means of the principal analysis,simulation,optimization design and experimental verification.Firstly,the riveting forming equipment and its principle were analyzed,and the riveting head movement trajectory equation was obtained.ABAQUS software was used to construct the finite element model of riveting forming of wheel bearing unit,and the accuracy of the numerical model was verified.The strain of the flange shaft end deformation area was analyzed to obtain the area that was prone to cracking and affecting the riveting strength during the process of riveting forming.Then,the response surface method was applied to optimize the three structural parameters of the diagonal angleθ,the diagonal distance L and the radius R at the region,taking the ratio of the preload to the change of the outer diameter of the inner ring(RPC)as the optimization objective.The optimization maximum value of RPC and the above three structural parameters optimization results were obtained.The reliability of the optimization results was verified by numerical calculation and experiment.Finally,the riveting release force test and riveting strength test were carried out on the bearings assembled by riveting with optimized structure inner ring.The results show that the diagonal distance L is the most significant factor affecting RPC,and the interaction between the diagonal angleθand the radius R has a significant influence on RPC,while the diagonal distance L and the radius R have no significant interaction influence.The bearings assembled by riveting with optimized structure inner ring have strong axial preloading ability and high riveting strength.

关 键 词：机械强度 铆压成型有限元模型 轮毂轴承 响应面方法 结构优化 铆压预紧力与内圈外径变化量比值 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U463.343[机械工程—车辆工程]