细长轴类零件外圆磨削加工形变量及表面质量的试验研究  

Experimental study on deformation and surface quality of slender shaft parts in cylindrical grinding

作　　者：刘楠楠 蒋鑫[2] LIU Nannan;JIANG Xin(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jilin Engineering Vocational College,Siping 136001,China;School of Civil Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林工程职业学院机电工程学院,吉林四平136001 [2]吉林建筑大学土木工程学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《机电工程》2025年第3期520-528,共9页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：吉林省教育厅科学研究规划重点项目(JKH20220261KJ)。

摘　　要：形变是细长轴类零件外圆磨削加工过程中的常见问题,而形变量的大小则是衡量细长轴外圆加工质量优劣的重要指标。针对细长轴外圆磨削中加工效率低、表面质量不易控制等问题,对细长轴外圆磨削加工分别进行了理论分析、建模仿真以及试验研究。首先,基于细长轴磨削加工的受力状态,建立了形变量分析模型,计算了最大形变量产生的位置;其次,利用有限元仿真软件,对磨削加工中不同位置的形变量进行了模拟分析,并得出了细长轴磨削加工的最大形变值及优化的检测位置,以提高试验和实际生产中形变的检测效率和测量精度;最后,设计了磨削加工试验,对上述理论模型和仿真结果进行了验证,并对工件的表面粗糙度进行了检测,分析了不同参数对磨削质量的影响规律,从而为细长轴外圆磨削用量的选取提供了依据。研究结果表明:通过模拟仿真优化而确定的测量位置形变量误差均值为3.25%,具有较高的准确性;提高砂轮转速和降低进给速度都会降低形变量和表面粗糙度,形变量均值最小为12.0μm,表面粗糙度均值最小为1.56μm。该研究可为细长轴磨削和检测提供一定的参考,实际生产中可根据检测形变量对最佳工艺参数进行确定,以提高细长轴磨削的质量和效率。Deformation is a common problem in the machining of the outer circle of the slender shaft,and the size of the shape variable is an important indicator to measure the quality of the processing.In response to the problems of low machining efficiency and difficult surface quality control in cylindrical grinding of slender shafts,theoretical analysis,modeling simulation,and experimental research were conducted separately.Firstly,the deformation model was established to calculate the location of the maximum deformation based on the force state of slender shaft grinding.Secondly,finite element simulation software was used to simulate and analyze the deformation at different positions during grinding processing.And the maximum deformation value and optimized detection position of slender axis grinding processing were obtained,in order to improve the detection efficiency and measurement accuracy of deformation in experiments and actual production.Finally,grinding experiments were designed to validate the theoretical model and simulation results,and to detect the surface roughness of the workpiece.The influence of different parameters on grinding quality was analyzed,providing a basis for selecting grinding parameters.The research results indicate that the optimizing position of deformation measurement through simulation results in an average deformation error is 3.25%.This has high accuracy.Increasing the grinding wheel speed and decreasing the feed rate will both reduce the amount of deformation and surface roughness.The minimum average amount of deformation is 12.0μm,and the minimum average surface roughness is 1.56μm.This study provides a certain reference for the grinding and testing of slender shafts.In actual production,the optimal process parameters can be determined based on the measured deformation to improve the quality and efficiency of slender shaft grinding.

关 键 词：细长轴类外圆磨削 最大形变量产生位置 形变量模型 加工效率 表面粗糙度 测量精度 

分 类 号：TH133.2[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG580.63[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]