何以寻工:非正规市场中农村家政女工的就业路径与机会建构  

How to Find Jobs:Rural Domestic Workers in the Informal Market Employment Path and Opportunity Construction

作　　者：王子阳 WANG Ziyang

机构地区：[1]郑州大学政治与公共管理学院,450001

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2025年第2期83-90,共8页Journal of China Women's University

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“新时代农民家庭代际合作育儿模式研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:21CSH030。

摘　　要：当前家政服务业日益成为农村女性灵活就业的主要领域,但囿于家政服务高度私人化和需求特殊化,雇主对中介服务机构的依赖更为突出。因此农村家政女工与中介服务机构的机会建构被置于非常重要的位置,形塑整个上户过程。基于在杭州市西湖区的实地调研发现,相比于正规化的家政公司,小型家政中介所因其劳动缔结的低成本、劳动退出的软约束和劳动救济的可及性,致使挂靠中介成为农村家政女工上户就业的主要路径。可是,挂靠中介并不意味着上户就业的即时实现,农村家政女工还需要借助形象塑造完成上户机会的契合性匹配,以关系经营建立上户机会分配的优先性以及通过忠诚表达强化上户机会获取的稳定性,达成家政女工劳动者身份的真正获得。但不可否认的是,在目前的市场结构和工作环境下,农村家政女工的主体性效能仍然存在一定的限度。The current domestic service industry is increasingly becoming the main area of flexible employment for rural women.However,due to the highly personalized and specialized needs of domestic services,employers'dependence on intermediary service agencies is more prominent.Therefore,the opportunity construction between rural domestic workers and intermediary service agencies is placed in a very important position,shaping the entire process of household registration.Based on field research in Xihu District,Hangzhou,it was found that compared to formal domestic service enterprises,small domestic service intermediaries have become the main employment path for ordinary rural female domestic workers due to their low labor costs,soft constraints on labor withdrawal,and accessibility of labor relief.Nonetheless,relying on intermediaries does not necessarily mean the immediate realization of household registration employment.Rural female domestic workers also need to use image shaping to match household registration opportunities,establish priority for household registration opportunity allocation through relationship management,and strengthen the sustainability of household registration opportunity acquisition through loyalty expression,in order to truly obtain the identity of female domestic workers.Nevertheless,it must be acknowledged that under the current market structure and working environment,there are still certain limitations to the subjectivity and effectiveness of female domestic workers.

关 键 词：农村家政女工 家政中介 主体性 上户就业 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]