潍坊市区三甲医院住院新生儿病死率及死亡原因分析  

Analysis of neonatal mortality rate and causes of death in three tertiary hospitals in Weifang city

作　　者：朱海玲 栾清霞 戚茂茂 赵月华 杨海燕 张潇 季加芬 张文华 ZHU Hailing;LUAN Qingxia;QI Maomao;ZHAO Yuehua;YANG Haiyan;ZHANG Xiao;JI Jiafen;ZHANG Wenhua(Department of Pediatrics,Affliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang 261031,China;Department of Pediatrics,Shandong Second Medical University)

机构地区：[1]山东第二医科大学附属医院儿科,山东潍坊261031 [2]山东第二医科大学儿科学教研室

出　　处：《山东第二医科大学学报》2024年第6期431-434,共4页Journal of Shandong Second Medical University

基　　金：潍坊市卫生健康委员会科研项目(项目编号:WFWSJK-2022-273)。

摘　　要：目的分析潍坊市区三甲医院住院新生儿近10年病死率及死亡原因,探讨不同影响因素下病死率的变化,为新生儿疾病防治提供科学理论依据。方法选择2012年1月1日~2021年12月31日在潍坊市区三甲医院新生儿科住院治疗最终死亡的461例新生儿为研究对象;收集临床资料,包括入院年份、胎龄、出生体重、母孕期情况、死亡诊断、死亡原因等;分析不同年份、不同胎龄(GA)、不同出生体重(BW)的死亡率,比较前后5年死亡原因的变化。结果①2012~2021年,新生儿死亡率为1.1%,呈总体下降趋势,以早产儿和超低出生体重儿下降最为明显(P<0.05);②胎龄越小,出生体重越低,新生儿死亡率越高(P<0.05),男婴和女婴死亡率无差异(P>0.05);③2012~2016年新生儿首要死因是呼吸窘迫综合征,其次是新生儿败血症,2017~2021年新生儿败血症为死亡的首要原因,其次是新生儿肺出血。结论近10年新生儿病死率呈下降趋势,且胎龄越小,出生体重越低,死亡率越高。因此临床应减少及避免早产,加强围产期管理,控制新生儿感染、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、新生儿肺出血的发生,最终减少新生儿死亡。Objective To analyze the mortality rate and causes of death of hospitalized newborns in tertiary hospitals in Weifang city over the past 10 years,explore the changes in mortality rate under different influencing factors,and provide scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of neonatal diseases.Methods Four hundred and sixty-one newborns who died after hospitalization at the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University,Weifang People's Hospital,and Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 1,2012 to December 31,2021 were selected.Collect clinical data,including admission year,gestational age,birth weight,maternal pregnancy status,diagnosis of death,and cause of death.Analyze the mortality rates of different years,gestational age(GA),and birth weight(BW),and compare the changes in the main causes of death over the past five years.Results①From 2012 to 2021,the neonatal mortality rate was 1.1%,showing an overall downward trend,with the most significant decline seen in premature infants and extremely low birth weight infants(P<0.05).②The smaller the gestational age and the lower the birth weight,the higher the neonatal mortality rate(P<0.05).There was no difference in the mortality rates between male and female infants(P>0.05).③From 2012 to 2016,the leading cause of neonatal death was respiratory distress syndrome,followed by neonatal septicemia.From 2017 to 2021,neonatal septicemia became the primary cause of death,followed by neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage.Conclusion The neonatal mortality rate has shown a decreasing trend in the past 10 years,and the younger the gestational age,the lower the birth weight,and the higher the mortality rate.Therefore,clinical practice should reduce and avoid premature birth,strengthen perinatal management,control the occurrence of neonatal infections,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,and neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage,and ultimately reduce neonatal mortality.

关 键 词：新生儿 病死率 死亡原因 

分 类 号：R722.1[医药卫生—儿科]