祁连山宁缠河3号冰川探地雷达测厚和地形特征研究  

Ice thickness and terrain features of the Ningchan River Glacier No.3 in the Qilian Mountains,revealed by ground penetrating radar

作　　者：薛亮 秦翔 刘宇硕 李延召 晋子振 XUE Liang;QIN Xiang;LIU Yushuo;LI Yanzhao;JIN Zizhen(Qilian Observation and Research Station of Cryosphere and Ecologic Environment,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Zhejiang Climate Center,Hangzhou 310057,China;Xinzhou Normal University,Xinzhou 034000,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室,祁连山冰冻圈与生态环境综合观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]浙江省气候中心,浙江杭州310057 [4]忻州师范学院,山西忻州034000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2025年第1期1-13,共13页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0201);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6FA005);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(23JRRA629);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKLCS-ZZ-2023);甘肃省自然资源厅科技创新项目(202212)资助。

摘　　要：冰川厚度和地形数据是开展冰川动力学模拟研究的基础,分析冰川厚度分布和地形特征对于认识冰川运动速度、应力和冰川变化特征具有重要意义。2021年9月开展了祁连山宁缠河3号冰川探地雷达测厚工作,并运用普通克里金插值法对所测冰厚和冰面高程数据做空间插值处理,根据数据结果分析了冰川剖面和整体厚度分布及地形特征,还进一步研究了冰川近年来的变化。结果表明:宁缠河3号冰川冰体较厚的部位主要分布在底床地形较为平坦的区域内,冰川厚度大致上呈现由中部向边缘递减的趋势,随海拔高度上升则表现出“先增大、后减小”的特点;冰床地形的起伏变化相较于冰面更加强烈,并且冰床横剖面上存在斜坡、复式槽谷和V形谷等多种地形形态;2021年宁缠河3号冰川面积约为1.08 km^(2),最大厚度为60 m,平均厚度为24.1 m,冰储量为0.026 km^(3);2009—2021年冰川面积、平均厚度和冰储量分别减少0.123 km^(2)、3.3 m和0.007 km^(3),年均变化率分别为-1.03×10^(-2)km^(2)·a^(-1)(-0.86%)、-0.28 m·a^(-1)(-1.00%)和-5.83×10^(-4)km^(3)·a^(-1)(-1.77%),与1972—2009年期间相比,冰川萎缩速率加快,夏季(6—8月)平均气温升高是其主导因素;1972—2021年间冰川储量变化一直以厚度减薄的形式进行。Ice thickness and glacier topography data are the basis of glacial dynamics simulation.The analysis of ice thickness distribution and terrain features is important to understand the characteristics of glacier flow velocity,stress and its change.In September 2021,a ground penetrating radar system was used to probe the ice thickness of the Ningchan River Glacier No.3 in the Qilian Mountains,then using Ordinary Kriging interpolation method to process ice thickness and glacier surface elevation data,and based on the processed data we analyzed the glacier’s profile and whole characteristics of ice thickness distribution and glacier topography,and also studied glacier’s changes in recent years.The results showed that:the thicker parts of the Ningchan River Glacier No.3 were mainly located in the areas where the bed terrain was relatively flat,and broadly the ice thickness value decreased from the center to the edge,and increased first and then decreased with the rise in altitude;compared with glacier surface,the bed terrain of the Ningchan River Glacier No.3 fluctuated more strongly,and the shape of glacier bed in each transverse section appeared in various forms,such as slope,double trough valley and V-shaped valley;the glacier area,maximum ice thickness,mean ice thickness and ice volume of the Ningchan River Glacier No.3 in 2021 were respectively about 1.08 km^(2),60 m,24.1 m and 0.026 km^(3),and the glacier area,mean ice thickness and ice volume had respectively reduced about 0.123 km^(2),3.3 m and 0.007 km^(3) from 2009 to 2021,and their mean annual change rate were respectively about-1.03×10^(-2) km^(2)·a^(-1)(-0.86%),-0.28 m·a^(-1)(-1.00%)and-5.83×10^(-4) km^(3)·a^(-1)(-1.77%),compared with the period 1972—2009,the glacier shrunk faster,and its primary cause was the rise of mean summer(June-August)air temperature;the change of ice volume was in the form of thickness thinning all the time from 1972 to 2021.

关 键 词：祁连山 宁缠河3号冰川 探地雷达 冰川厚度 地形特征 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]