1979—2020水文年东北黑土区主要积雪参数时空变化特征  

Characteristics and mechanisms of snow cover changes in the black soil region of Northeast China in hydrological years from 1979 to 2020

作　　者：王金霞 张丽娟[1] 王芳[1] 黄玉桃 赵余峰 刘杰[1] 程曦瑶 王嘉欣[1] 赵凌越 伊秋景 秦锴峰 WANG Jinxia;ZHANG Lijuan;WANG Fang;HUANG Yutao;ZHAO Yufeng;LIU Jie;CHENG Xiyao;WANG Jiaxin;ZHAO Lingyue;YI Qiujing;QIN Kaifeng(Key Laboratory of Cold District Monitoring and Information Service,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学寒区监测与信息服务重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2025年第1期98-110,共13页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271136,42306250)资助。

摘　　要：本文基于中国雪深长时间序列数据集,分析1979—2020水文年东北黑土区年均、各月以及各季主要积雪参数的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)1979—2020水文年东北黑土区年均积雪深度2.70 cm,年均稳定积雪面积为1.07×10^(6) km^(2),积雪初日为12月1日,积雪终日为3月22日,稳定积雪期112.0 d。年内各季、各月平均积雪深度与稳定积雪面积均呈现出单峰分布的特征,2月均为峰值最高月份。(2)各积雪参数空间分布几乎呈现出一致的空间差异性,均表现为以黑土区腹地为中心的马蹄形空间分布方式。(3)研究发现,除积雪面积未发生显著变化外,积雪深度以及积雪物候均发生了显著的变化。年均、各季以及各月积雪深度均呈现出一致的下降趋势,相比于1979—1988年,近10年年均积雪深度减少了29.48%。积雪初日以1.4 d·(10a)^(-1)的速率显著推后,积雪终日以-1.6 d·(10a)^(-1)的速率显著提前,从而导致稳定积雪期以3.0 d·(10a)^(-1)的速率显著缩短。(4)各积雪参数空间变化特征略有差异。年均积雪深度以及各季、各月积雪深度空间变化一致性较高,均表现为高纬度和高海拔地区积雪深度显著减小、黑土区核心区域积雪深度显著增大的差异性空间变化特征。积雪初日与稳定积雪期均表现为在黑土区北部以及东部变化显著,积雪终日显著变化的区域在空间上并不连续。在全球积雪显著变化背景下,本研究可为明确东北黑土区积雪变化情况提供依据,为保障黑土区粮食安全提供潜在参考。The black soil region of Northeast China is one of only four major black soil areas in the world,and also one of the most serious areas of potential soil erosion in China,while snow accumulation is important for regulating soil biological and chemical cycles and changing soil properties.It is of great significance to clarify the characteristics of snow depth,snow phenology and snow area changes in the black soil region of Northeast China in order to promote the sustainable development of the black soil and ensure national food security.In this paper,we will use the day-by-day remote sensing inversion data of snow depth from July 1979 to June 2021 to elucidate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the parameters of snow depth,the first day of snow accumulation,the last day of snow accumulation,the period of stable snow accumulation as well as the area of snow accumulation in the black soil region of Northeast China by means of regression analysis and other methods.The results show that:(1)In hydrological years from 1979 to 2020,the average annual snow depth in the northeast black earth region was 2.70 cm,the average annual stable snow area was 1.07×10^(6) km^(2),The first day of snow accumulation is the 1st of December and the last day of snow accumulation is the 22nd of March of the following year,and the length of the stable snow accumulation period was 112.0 days.The average snow depth and stable snow area in all seasons and months of the year showed the characteristics of a single-peak distribution,with February being the highest peak month.(2)The spatial distribution of each now cover parameter shows almost uniform spatial variability,and under the influence of factors such as topography and latitude,they all show a horseshoe-shaped spatial distribution centred on the hinterland of the black earth region.(3)Significant inter-annual variations in snow depth as well as snow phenology were found,except for the now cover area,which did not change significantly.Annual average,seasonal,and month-by-month sno

关 键 词：积雪深度 积雪物候 积雪面积 东北黑土区 时空变化 

分 类 号：P426.635[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]