大兴安岭北部多年冻土现状及变化特征  

Major features of permafrost in northern Da Xing’anling Mountains,Northeast China and their changes

作　　者：常晓丽[1] 肖苓海 金会军 李晓英 何瑞霞 余田霞 CHANG Xiaoli;XIAO Linghai;JIN Huijun;LI Xiaoying;HE Ruixia;YU Tianxia(School of Earth Science and Spatial Information Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,China;School of Civil Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学地球科学与空间信息工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]东北林业大学土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2025年第1期126-138,共13页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671059);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0517)资助。

摘　　要：冻土作为冰冻圈重要的组成部分,其存在分布及水热状态受到多种因素的影响。除了纬度、海拔等,局地因素如植被类型、积雪、土壤水分等也在很大程度上影响冻土的变化。特别是位于欧亚大陆多年冻土南缘的兴安-贝加尔型多年冻土,其发育、保存和分布等状态特征与局地因素密不可分。本文结合40多个钻孔资料和现有研究成果,分析得出目前大兴安岭多年冻土温度和厚度总体上受纬度影响,由南往北随年平均气温降低,冻土温度由0℃降到-2.83℃,但局地因素的影响可使地温最低达-3.6℃;厚度范围为29~130 m,其中地温低、厚度大的多年冻土主要发育在谷底的塔头灌丛湿地区域。满归、根河、伊图里河、新林等地的监测数据表明,自2009年开始,大部分钻孔温度显示该区活动层减薄,浅层多年冻土地温降低,融区最大冻结深度加深,而深层多年冻土却呈升温趋势,零地温变化率位置则各不相同,推测这种情况与全球变暖间隙以及植被、积雪和人类活动等局地因素有关。本研究对理解高纬度多年冻土区的地温变化过程以及这些变化的驱动因素具有重要的科学价值,也会对区域经济可持续发展及应对冻土退化带来的问题起到积极作用。Permafrost degradation has great impacts on engineered infrastructures and socioeconomics through modifying or altering hydrothermal regimes,hydrology and water resources,ecology and ecological safety,and carbon and nitrogen regimes and cycles,and further accelerating climate change by releasing cryotically longpreserved organic carbon and nitrogen.Permafrost in Northeast China has experienced ground temperature rise and permafrost degradation,but field studies relevant to the distributive and other characteristics of permafrost and active layer are still grossly inadequate.This article aims to present a review on studies on the features of distributive patterns and ground thermal regimes of the northern Da Xing’anling(Hinggan)permafrost based on the long-term observations of ground temperatures at key sites,such as those in Mangui,Genhe,Yitulihe,and Nanwenghe,and focuses on summarizing and explaining the changing trends in ground temperature in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains during the last two decades.Study results show that in the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains,permafrost temperature and thickness are primarily controlled by latitude and elevation.As annual mean air temperature lowers northwards and upwards,permafrost temperature also declines from about 0°Сto-2.83°С,and permafrost thickens from 20 m to>100 m.On the local scale,permafrost temperature and thickness are heavily dependent on hydroclimate and environmental factors,but the hydrothermal effect of such local factors on permafrost features tends to weaken with rising latitudes.During the observation period(2009—2022),thinning active layer,increasing annual maximum frost depth in talik area and lowering ground temperature above the depth of dividing point between permafrost cooling and warming occurred in many places in the Da Xing’anling Mountains,possibly due to the global warming hiatus.However,permafrost under the depth of dividing point between permafrost cooling and warming did not show a clear trend to the global warming

关 键 词：冻土退化 冻土温度 活动层减薄 零地温变化率 大兴安岭 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]