污染环境罪法益的嬗变与认定  

The Evolution and Determination of the Legal Interests in Environmental Pollution Crimes

作　　者：刘霜 张尊仆 LIU Shuang;ZHANG Zunpu(School of Law,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期82-91,共10页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目(22SFB3015)。

摘　　要：法益的释明是解决当前污染环境犯罪认定模糊性之关键所在。以数次环境犯罪刑法修正为依归,污染环境罪法益呈现人类中心主义法益论、纯生态学法益论、生态学人类中心主义法益论为梯度的理论观念嬗变。相较前两种法益理论,尽管生态学人类中心主义法益论更具说服力,但其在二元主体内部如何处理人的生存发展权与生态环境法益的关系,且能否与恢复性司法理念相融仍存疑问。因此,为保障生态文明建设顺利进行,需要在内部结构和外在方式两个侧面建构诠释污染环境罪法益。在内部结构上,应厘清人的生存发展权与生态环境保护二者的位阶比例关系,通过明确污染环境罪法益的可修复性从而与恢复性司法理念相协调。在法益保护的外在方式上,应发挥法益理论的解释功能,指导污染环境罪行为方式、行为对象、既未遂形态以及因果关系的认定,以此建构污染环境罪法益。Clarifying the legal interests isthe key to resolving the ambiguity in the determination of environmental pollution crimes.Based on several amendments to the criminal law on environmental crimes,the legal interests in environmental pollution crimes have evolved through a gradient of theoretical concepts,including anthropocentric legal interest theory,pure ecological legal interest theory,and ecological anthropocentric legal interest theory.Compared to the first two legal interest theories,although the ecological anthropocentric legal interest theory is more persuasive,there are still doubts about how it handles the relationship between human survival and development rights and ecological environment legal interests within a dualistic subject,and whether it can be integrated with the concept of restorative justice.Therefore,to ensure the smooth progress of ecological civilization construction,it is necessary to construct the interpretation of the legal interests in environmental pollution crimes from both internal structure and external methods.In terms of internal structure,it is necessary to clarify the hierarchical proportion relationship between human survival and development rights and ecological environment protection,and to coordinate with restorative justice by clarifying the reparability of the legal interests in environmental pollution crimes.In terms of the external methods of legal interest protection,the interpretive function of legal interest theory should be utilized to guide the determination of the behavior patterns,objects,attempted and completed forms,and causal relationships of environmental pollution crimes,thereby constructing the legal interests in environmental pollution crimes.

关 键 词：污染环境罪 法益 生态环境法益 生态学人类中心主义 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]