民营经济的刑法保护:规范演进、现实问题与完善路径  

Protection of the Private Economy by Criminal Law:Normative Evolution,Practical Issues,and Paths to Improvement

作　　者：何燕华[1] 张睿琳 HE Yanhua;ZHANG Ruilin(School of Law,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期105-115,共11页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23BFX109)。

摘　　要：民营经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分,与公有制经济共同构成我国经济社会发展的重要基础,应和公有制经济一样平等、同等受到法律保护。在党中央一系列规范性文件的激励下,民营经济在国民经济中的地位日益突出,在宪法中的法律地位逐步上升,刑法对民营经济的保护力度也发生变化。改革开放以来,民营经济刑法保护的规范演进经历了对民营经济主体犯罪行为从严惩处、差别保护和同等保护三个阶段,体现出刑法对宪法变迁的折射和回应。但从刑事法律规范的立法实践来看,仍然存在刑法平等保护的观念尚未完全贯彻、保护范围不一致和保护力度有区别等问题。推动刑法对民营经济的平等保护需要继续在立法理念上强化平等保护;适当推动司法上的犯罪化,确立以行为为核心的犯罪化模式,扩大对民营经济的保护范围;恰当评价犯罪行为的法益侵害性,矫正背信犯罪法定刑设置的失衡,加大对背信犯罪的处罚力度。Private economy is an important component of the socialist market economy and,together with the public ownership economy,it forms the foundation of China's economic and social development,thus it should be protected by law equally and on the same footing as the public ownership economy.Under the incentive of a series of normative documents from the Party Central Committee,the status of the private economy in the national economy has become increasingly prominent,with rising legal status in the constitution,and the protection of the private economy by criminal law has also changed.Since the reform and opening up,the normative evolution of criminal law protection for the private economy has gone through three stages:severe punishment,differential protection,and equal protection,showing the criminal law's reflection on and response to constitutional changes.However,from the legislative practice of criminal law norms,there are still some problems,for example,the concept of equal protection in Criminal Law has not been fully implemented,the scope of protection is inconsistent and the intensity of protection is different.To promote equal protection of the private economy by criminal law,it is necessary to continue to strengthen the concept of equal protection in legislative philosophy,to appropriately promote criminalization in the judiciary,to establish a crime-centered criminalization model,and to expand the scope of protection for the private economy.We should also properly evaluate the infringement of criminal behavior on legal interests,correct the imbalance in the setting of statutory penalties for breach of trust crimes,and increase the punishment for breach of trust crimes.

关 键 词：民营经济 刑法保护 犯罪化 法益侵害 背信犯罪 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学] F121.23[政治法律—法学]