陕北黄土覆盖区煤层上覆岩系层状结构对开采区土壤损伤效应研究  

Study on the effect of layered structure of overlying strata on soil damage in mining areas in the loess covered region of northern Shaanxi

作　　者：王双明[1,2,3] 宋世杰 魏江波[1,2,3] 刘浪 牛瑞琳[1,2,3] 李源红[1,2,3] 谈庆钰 田雨[1,2,3] WANG Shuangming;SONG Shijie;WEI Jiangbo;LIU Lang;NIU Ruilin;LI Yuanhong;TAN Qingyu;TIAN Yu(Xi’an University of Science and Technology,College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Coal Green Mining Geological Research Institute,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Guarantee for Coal Green Development,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an University of Science and Technology,College of Energy Engineering,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学煤炭绿色开采地质研究院,陕西西安710054 [3]陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [4]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2025年第1期23-42,共20页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41402308);深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室开放课题资助项目(HNKY2024YB402);咸阳市重点研发计划资助项目(L2024-ZDYF-ZDYF-SF-0069)。

摘　　要：煤炭开采区生态保护是黄河流域高质量发展亟需破解的重大难题。科学认识煤层上覆岩层对煤炭开采采动损害向地表传递的响应规律是实现煤矿区生态环境全生命周期保护的重大需求。以陕北黄土覆盖区煤炭开采区为研究对象,综合运用野外地质调查、采样测试、数值模拟、室内实验和理论计算方法,针对覆岩层数、层厚、岩性、厚硬岩层与煤层的空间位置等层状结构对地下采煤的“响应-传递”特点,研究了相同采矿条件下煤层覆岩层状结构对采动覆岩应力场的影响规律,揭示了不同煤层覆岩层状结构下土壤物理、化学、微生物、侵蚀四大特性的损伤特征及煤炭开采区土壤物理、化学、微生物特性变化对侵蚀特性的作用机制。结果表明:①相同或相近的采矿条件下,采煤沉陷区地表生态损害结果的迥异主要取决于煤层上覆岩(土)层对地下采煤活动的应力应变响应、由下向上的传递及土壤损害特点。在覆岩层状结构与采动应力传递的耦合下,煤层覆岩自下而上形成了垂向强力链塑性变形区(VCP)、水平强力链弹塑性变形区(HCEP)、水平强力链弹性变形区(HCE)的采动损害特征。其中,煤层覆岩下部的互层结构及特征对塑性变形区界面高度具有重要影响。煤层上覆岩(土)层和地表土层(壤)均是地下采煤活动及其损害作用的响应载体。岩层层数、层厚、岩性、厚硬岩层与煤层的空间位置及地表变形等是影响土壤损害类型及特点的重要地质因素。②厚砂岩在覆岩中的位置是地下“VCP-HCEP”界面、“HCEP-HCE”界面发育高度和地表形变程度的第一主控因素,决定了“两界面”的发育位置和地表变形的程度,高位厚砂岩对“两界面”发育和地表形变具有较明显的抑制作用;砂层系数作为第二主控因素,在既定厚砂岩位置且砂层系数小于73%条件下与“两界面”发育和地�Ecological protection in coal mining areas is a major problem that needs to be solved urgently for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.Scientific understanding of the response law of the overlying strata of the coal seam to the surface transmission of coal mining damage is a major demand for realizing the full life cycle protection of the ecological environment in the coal mining area.Taking the coal mining area in the loess-covered area of northern Shaanxi as the research object,the field geological survey,sampling test,numerical simulation,laboratory experiment and theoretical calculation method are comprehensively used to study the‘response-transmission’characteristics of the layered structure such as the number of overburden layers,layer thickness,lithology,spatial position of thick and hard rock layers and coal seams on underground coal mining.The influence of coal seam overburden structure on the stress field of mining overburden under the same mining conditions is studied.The damage characteristics of soil physical,chemical,microbial and erosion characteristics under different coal seam overburden structure and the mechanism of soil physical,chemical and microbial characteristics change on erosion characteristics in coal mining area were revealed.The results show that:①Under the same or similar mining conditions,the different results of surface ecological damage in coal mining subsidence areas mainly depend on the stress-strain response,bottom-up transmission and soil damage characteristics of the overlying rock(soil)layer of coal seam to underground coal mining activities.Under the coupling of overburden structure and mining stress transfer,the mining damage characteristics of vertical strong chain plastic deformation zone(VCP),horizontal strong chain elastic-plastic deformation zone(HCEP)and horizontal strong chain elastic deformation zone(HCE)are formed from bottom to top.Among them,the interbedded structure and characteristics of the lower part of the coal seam overburden have an i

关 键 词：覆岩层状结构 响应传递 土壤 损伤效应 陕北矿区 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]