岩层控制的全柱状学术思想与实践  

Thought of full-stratigraphy and its practice in ground control

作　　者：许家林[1,2] 朱卫兵[2] 轩大洋[2] 王晓振[2] 秦伟[1] 金洪伟 鞠金峰[5,6] 胡国忠[2] 谢建林[1] 屈庆栋 吴仁伦[8] 汪锋 何昌春 李竹[1] XU Jialin;ZHU Weibing;XUAN Dayang;WANG Xiaozhen;QIN Wei;JIN Hongwei;JU Jinfeng;HU Guozhong;XIE Jianlin;QU Qingdong;WU Renlun;WANG feng;HE Changchun;LI Zhu(State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention of the Ministry of Education,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Internet Application Technology on Mine,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;IoT Perception Mine Research Center,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;CSIRO Sustainable Mining Technologies,Queensland 4069,Australia;College of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;College of Energy and Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;School of Civil and Architectural Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [4]西安科技大学西部矿井开采及灾害防治教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [5]中国矿业大学矿山互联网应用技术国家地方联合工程实验室,江苏徐州221008 [6]中国矿业大学物联网(感知矿山)研究中心,江苏徐州221008 [7]澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织可持续采矿技术研究所,澳大利亚昆士兰4069 [8]中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业工程学院,北京100083 [9]山东科技大学能源与矿业工程学院,山东青岛266590 [10]东华理工大学土木与建筑工程学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2025年第1期166-179,共14页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A20169,52374143,42477497)。

摘　　要：岩层控制是通过控制采动岩层破断运动来减轻或消除采动损害的一门科学,目的是为了保障煤炭安全、高效、绿色开采。传统岩层控制研究思想与方法存在2方面局限:对覆岩进行均化而不能抓住主要矛盾,仅关注局部岩层运动而缺乏对全地层覆岩运动的研究。针对这些问题,在关键层理论应用研究过程中,形成了岩层控制的“全柱状”学术思想,其内涵包括2方面:一是“抓主要矛盾”,找到对岩层运动起主要控制作用的关键层(即主要矛盾),避免对覆岩均化处理。二是“关注全局”,将采动覆岩作为整体研究,充分考虑关键层所处的复杂地层场景条件可能对关键层破断的影响,从整个岩层移动角度研究矿压显现、水与瓦斯运移、开采沉陷等。按照全柱状学术思想研究岩层控制时,首先需要获取研究区域内不同开采尺度(矿井、采区、工作面及块段)地层的钻孔“全柱状”,即包含从开采煤层直到地表所有岩层信息的全取心完整柱状,根据研究区域内多个钻孔柱状的关键层判别,形成研究区域内岩层赋存特征的整体画像,避免仅采用局部柱状或综合柱状,也不能对全柱状进行均化处理。充分考虑原岩应力、地质构造、地形地貌、水体载荷、开采部署等多种具体场景因素可能导致的关键层受载差异与破断异常,以及不同区域柱状关键层位置的变化可能对岩层运动产生的影响。在此基础上,建立关键层运动与各种采动损害的联系,据此分析问题发生机理并提出针对性的岩层控制方法。全柱状学术思想推进了岩层控制理论发展与实践创新,解决了压架、突水、沉陷等灾害防控的系列工程难题,取得了显著成效。利用全柱状学术思想取得的岩层控制理论创新主要包括:揭示了采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应,建立了采动覆岩“关键层-松散层拱”结构模型,提出了基于关键层位置�Ground control is a science of mitigating or eliminating mining damage by controlling the breaking motion of mining rock strata,with the aim of ensuring safe,efficient and green mining.There are two limitations in the traditional thoughts and methods of ground control research:only studying the local rock movement instead of the overall movement of the overlying rocks in the whole stratum,and homogenizing the overlying rocks instead of grasping the main contradictions.In view of these problems,in the process of key stratum theory research and engineering application,the‘full-stratigraphy’thought of ground control has been formed,whose basic connotation is as follows:firstly,‘grasping the main contradiction’,to find the key stratum(i.e.the main contradiction)that plays a major role in controlling the overburden movement without homogenizing the overlying rocks.Secondly,it is‘overall view’,which takes the overburden as a global object,considers all the factors that may have a significant impact on the breakage and instability of the key stratum from a global view,and analyses the manifestation of mining pressure,water and gas transport,and surface subsidence from the point of view of the whole activity of the overburden movement.According to the basic connotation of the thought of fullstratigraphy,when carrying out ground control research,it is necessary to collect full-stratigraphy data and key stratum discrimination studies within different mining scales(mine,mining area,workings and blocks),the complete coring columnar that contains all the information of the rock strata from the vicinity under the mined coal seam all the way to the surface,and then form an overall portrait of the rock stratum endowment characteristics in the research area through the comparison of the columnar of multiple drill holes.The comparison of multiple drill hole columns will form an overall picture of the characteristics of the rock strata in the study area,rather than using only partial columns or comprehensive columns,or

关 键 词：全柱状 关键层 卸荷膨胀累积效应 岩层控制 绿色开采 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]