矿山地质层改性的理论架构、关键技术与工程应用  

Theoretical framework,key technologies and engineering applications of geological layer modification in mining

作　　者：王佟[1] 韩效忠 吴兆剑 赵欣 曹安业[5] 张彪 程彦[1] 李聪聪 孙鹏杰[6] 王伟超 宁建鸿 WANG Tong;HAN Xiaozhong;WU Zhaojian;ZHAO Xin;CAO Anye;ZHANG Biao;CHENG Yan;LI Congcong;SUN Pengjie;WANG Weichao;NING Jianhong(China Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100038,China;China Coal Geology Group Corporation,Beijing 100040,China;CGNPC Urani um Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100048,China;Exploration and Research Institute,CNACG,Beijing 100039,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Beijing Dadigaoke Geological Exploration Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100040,China;School of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;China Coal Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710199,China;Qinghai Coal geological exploration Institute Bureau,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭地质总局,北京100038 [2]中煤地质集团有限公司,北京100040 [3]中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京100048 [4]中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院,北京100039 [5]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [6]北京大地高科地质勘查有限公司,北京100040 [7]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [8]中国煤炭地质总局航测遥感局,陕西西安710199 [9]中国煤炭地质总局青海煤炭地质局,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2025年第1期491-505,共15页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2024ZD1002000);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC2906701)。

摘　　要：新时代煤炭工业高质量发展对煤炭地质勘查工作提出了新要求,以资源勘查为主的传统地质勘查理论与技术方法需进一步优化、创新与发展,以适应矿山绿色勘查、高效安全智能化开采及生态环境友好绿色开发的新需求。研究指出,矿山开发过程中的资源、安全和生态问题归根结底是地质问题,与岩层等地质层(体)的地质属性密切相关,通过人工措施实现地质属性的定向改造已成为地质勘查工作的又一新内容,可有效提升矿山地质保障能力。据此,从地质条件变化研究入手,提出矿山地质层改性的概念,从理论架构、研究内容、工程技术应用和发展方向等方面尝试建立矿山地质层改性理论和技术体系。地质层改性的科学内涵是在不改变地壳浅层空间系统稳定性的前提下实现区域局部或部分岩层地质属性的正向改良,科学问题是先天条件和采动影响下地质层(体)地质属性的制约机制,核心技术是基于地质属性差异的矿山地质层(体)的精细识别和精准改良技术,技术目标是实现地质层(体)由不利于开发的负向属性向符合预设条件的正向属性转化,以改良制约资源综合利用的不良资源地质属性,弱化采动引发的冲击地压、水害、瓦斯突出等有害安全地质属性,消减地表沉降、地形地貌破坏、水系断流、矿井水污染等失衡生态地质属性,为矿山资源综合利用、煤炭安全开发以及生态环境友好提供地质保障。矿山地质层改性理论将地壳浅层空间地质层(体)系统的观念贯穿整个改性过程,突出场效应和多场叠加制约下的地质属性及演变规律的重要性,强调基于自然优良属性的仿生改良和近似恢复重构等改性技术的系统性,从源头保障地壳浅层空间系统的整体稳定性,一体化推进资源、安全和生态地质属性的系统改性,为矿山绿色安全高效生产地质保障提供全新的理论和技�The modern coal industry has put additional demands on geological support work in its quest for superior development.Conventional geological exploration theories and technical approaches,which are mainly concerned with resource survey,need to be further improved in order to meet the new demands of efficient,safe,and intelligent mining,environmentally friendly and green development,and comprehensive mine resource utilization.According to this study,the resource,safety,and ecological problems that arise during the development of mines are essentially geological in nature and are closely related to the geological characteristics of geological bodies,or strata,like rock formations.The directed modification of geological properties through artificial measures has emerged as a new aspect of geological exploration work,effectively enhancing the geological support capability of mines.Starting from an investigation into the variations in geological conditions,this paper introduces the concept of mine geological modification.It establishes a theoretical and technical framework for mine geological modification in terms of its theoretical structure,research content,engineering and technological applications,and development directions.The scientific essence of geological modification lies in achieving positive improvement of local areas or partial rock stratum geological properties without compromising the stability of the shallow Earth system.The scientific inquiry revolves around the constraining mechanisms governing the geological properties of geological bodies under the influence of both original geological conditions and mining activities.The core technology revolves around precise identification and targeted modification of mine geological bodies based on differences in their geological properties.The technical objective is to transform geological bodies from negative properties that hinder development into positive properties that meet preset conditions.This involves improving adverse resource geological properties th

关 键 词：地质层改性 资源地质层 安全地质层 生态地质层 多场叠加效应 地质保障 

分 类 号：P536[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P611[天文地球—地质学]