准南低质煤层气原位提质增量研究  

Study on in-situ microbial methanogenesis of CO_(2) and in-situ inhibition of H_(2)S and increase of coalbed methane production in low-quality coalbed methane of the Southern Junggar Basin

作　　者：苏现波[1,2,3,4] 丁锐 赵伟仲 严德天 李瑞明[5] 王一兵 王海超 黄胜海 周艺璇 王小明 伏海蛟[3] SU Xianbo;DING Rui;ZHAO Weizhong;YAN Detian;LI Ruiming;Wang Yibing;WANG Haichao;HUANG Shenghai;ZHOU Yixuan;WANG Xiaoming;FU Haijiao(School of Resources and Environment,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Unconventional Gas Research Institute,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Xinjiang Coal Field Geology Bureau,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Yaxin Coalbed Methane Investment and Development(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830011,China;School of Geological and Mining Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China;Urumqi Guosheng New Energy Investment and Development(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学非常规天然气研究院,河南焦作454000 [3]中国地质大学资源学院,湖北武汉430074 [4]中原经济区煤层(页岩)气协同创新中心,河南焦作454000 [5]新疆维吾尔自治区煤田地质局,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [6]新疆亚新煤层气投资开发(集团)有限责任公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [7]新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830047 [8]乌鲁木齐国盛新能源投资开发(集团)有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2025年第1期532-545,共14页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(42230804);河南省重点研发专项资助项目(231111320600);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M741045)。

摘　　要：煤层气作为一种非常规天然气,其开发利用契合国家能源安全目标,更是对碳中和的一种助力。准南是我国重要的煤层气资源富集区之一,也是目前中国煤层气开发的热点地区,但高产井数量不多,稳产困难,迫切需要一种能够增加单井控制范围内煤层气资源量的技术;同时高CO_(2)和高H_(2)S体积分数已经成为该区煤层气的普遍现象,迫切需要一种原位处置这2种有害气体的技术,煤层气生物工程为此类煤层气的“提质增量”提供一种潜在可行技术。现场的跟踪监测以及实验室物理模拟试验表明,CO_(2)的体积分数与储层温度密切相关,产酸发酵细菌和产氢产乙酸菌能够在较为宽广的储层温度下保持活性而产生CO_(2);而相对较低的储层温度下氢营养型产甲烷菌代谢较弱、CO_(2)很难被还原,这是该区CO_(2)的主要成因。此外发现地下水中携带的有机质、SO_(4)^(2-)和原始菌群在运移过程中进行着代谢活动,随着排采的长期进行,当地下水补给速率、排采速率和产甲烷菌的代谢周期相匹配时,就会生成的H_(2)S,被称为后生生物H_(2)S。这2种酸性气体的存在,不仅影响安全生产,也大幅降低了煤层气的“质”。以准南低质煤层气为研究对象,提出了一种微生物介导的煤层气原位提质增量关键技术,并从必要性和可行性两方面阐述了该技术在煤层气增产、CO_(2)原位微生物转化、H_(2)S原位抑制方面的广阔前景。该技术的基本思路是将煤储层作为一个“车间”,微生物作为“劳动力”,将煤和原始储层中CO_(2)作为“生产资料”,制造的“产品”为甲烷,对于CO_(2)实现了生物甲烷化,对于H_(2)S实现了原位抑制,对于煤层气实现了提质增量。该技术涉及的关键挑战包括高效菌群的培养(培育温度范围宽广的氢营养型产甲烷菌)、H_(2)S原位抑制的生物压裂液研制以及提质增量的评价技术。物理模拟COThe development and utilization of coalbed methane(CBM)not only ensures national energy security,but also provides a boost to carbon neutrality.The southern edge of the Junggar Basin is a major CBM resource area and a key development hotspot in China.However,the region has few high-yield wells,and maintaining stable production is challenging.There is an urgent need for a technology that can increase the production of CBM resources within the control range of a single well.Additionally,high volume fractions of CO_(2) and H_(2)S have become common in the CBM of this region,creating an urgent need for in-situ disposal technology for these gases.Coalbed gas bioengineering offers a promising technology for enhancing both the quality and production of CBM in this region.On-site monitoring and laboratory simulation experiments indicate that the CO_(2) volume fraction is closely linked to reservoir temperature.Acid-producing fermentative bacteria and Hydrogen-producing acetic acid bacteria remain active and continue to produce CO_(2) across a broad range of reservoir temperatures.At lower reservoir temperatures,the metabolism of hydrogenotrophic methanogens is weak and CO_(2) is difficult to be reduced,which is the main reason for the high CO_(2) volume fraction in this area.It was also found that the microbial community in the groundwater interacts with organic matter and SO_(4)^(2-) during migration.H_(2)S is generated when the groundwater recharge and drainage rates are consistent with the metabolic cycle of methanogens,which is called epigenetic H_(2)S.The presence of these two acidic gases not only compromises production safety but also significantly reduces the quality of CBM.This study introduces a key technology for in-situ microbial-mediated enhancement of CBM quality and production,addressing the issue of low-quality CBM in southern Junggar Basin.The necessity and feasibility of this technology are discussed,highlighting its potential to enhance CBM production,facilitate in-situ microbial conversion of CO_(2),a

关 键 词：准噶尔盆地南缘(准南) 低质煤层气 CO_(2)生物甲烷化 H_(2)S原位抑制 提质增量 

分 类 号：P618.11[天文地球—矿床学]