东北风沙土区土地利用方式对土壤储水与结构特性的影响  

Effects of land use types on soil water storage and structural properties in the wind-sand black soil region of Northeast China

作　　者：吴勇 任胜男[1,3] 文雪 高睿璐 毕利东 温艳茹[1] 尧水红 WU Yong;REN Sheng-nan;WEN Xue;GAO Rui-lu;BI Li-dong;WEN Yan-ru;YAO Shui-hong(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing 100081;Collegeof Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211100;General Institute of WaterConservancy and Hydropower Planning and Design,Beijing 100120)

机构地区：[1]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100 [3]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期24-34,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1500700)。

摘　　要：为揭示土地利用方式对土壤水分和土壤结构特性的影响,选取东北典型风沙土区(黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市梅里斯达斡尔族区)撂荒草地、禁牧草地、人工林地和开垦农田4块样地为研究对象,通过监测和采集不同层次土壤,分析不同土地利用方式下土壤储水量及其季节变化、土壤机械组成、土壤团聚体组成及其稳定性等差异,研究结果表明:(1)就0~80 cm土层的土壤储水量而言,撂荒草地(157.23~218.40 mm)显著大于禁牧草地、人工林地和开垦农田(42.28~148.55 mm);但其土壤储水季节性变化,禁牧草地(48.71%)>开垦农田(34.31%)和撂荒草地(32.87%)>人工林地(9.37%);(2)无论是0~20 cm还是20~40 cm土层,开垦农田砂粒含量均显著大于撂荒草地、禁牧草地和人工林地,而其粉粒含量则都显著小于这3种土地利用方式;但0~20 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性表现为撂荒草地(0.85 mm)显著低于禁牧草地、人工林地和开垦农田(0.99~1.01 mm),而20~40 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性依次为人工林地(0.97 mm)≥撂荒草地(0.95 mm)和开垦农田(0.92 mm)≥禁牧草地(0.87 mm);(3)通过冗余分析发现,表层0~20 cm土壤结构稳定性,除受4种土地利用方式下其团聚体组成差异的影响外,土壤全磷、粉粒含量和总孔隙度也在一定程度上有所贡献,但亚表层20~40 cm土壤结构稳定性则主要源于>2和0.053~0.25 mm团聚体。综上所述,撂荒显著增加风沙土区土壤剖面储水能力,但人工林土壤储水季节性变化小;垦耕加剧风沙土的粗骨化进程,相较于其他3种土地利用方式,开垦农田砂粒含量显著增加,而粉粒含量减少;但4种土地利用方式对表层和亚表层土壤结构稳定性的影响不一,表层土壤结构稳定性的差异除受其团聚体组成的影响外,还有部分是由于不同土地利用方式带来的理化性状差异所致。The aimed to reveal the impact of land use patterns on soil moisture and soil structure characteristics.Four plots in a typical aeolian sandy soil area in Northeast China(Meilisi Daur,Qiqihar City)were selected,including the abandoned grassland,grazing-excluded grassland,artificial forest,and cultivated farmland.By monitoring and collecting soil samples from different soil layers,the differences in soil water storage and its seasonal variations,soil mechanical composition,soil aggregate composition,and its stability under different land use patterns were analyzed.The results indicated that regarding soil water storage in the 0-80 cm soil layer,the abandoned grassland(157.23-218.40 mm)significantly exceeded the grazing-excluded grassland,artificial forest,and cultivated farmland(42.28-148.55 mm).However,the seasonal variation in soil water storage was greater in grazing-excluded grassland(48.71%),compared to that in cultivated farmland(34.31%)and abandoned grassland(32.87%),and much greater than that in artificial forest(9.37%).In both the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers,the sand content in cultivated farmland was significantly higher than that in abandoned grassland,grazing-excluded grassland,and artificial forest,while its silt content was significantly lower than that in the other three land use patterns.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,the stability of soil aggregates in abandoned grassland(0.85 mm)was significantly lower than in grazing-excluded grassland,artificial forest,and cultivated farmland(0.99-1.01 mm).In the 20-40 cm soil layer,the stability of soil aggregates was in the order of artificial forest(0.97 mm)≥abandoned grassland(0.95 mm)and cultivated farmland(0.92 mm)≥grazing-excluded grassland(0.87 mm).Redundancy analysis revealed that the stability of the soil structure in the 0-20 cm layer was influenced not only by differences in aggregate composition under the four land use patterns but also by total phosphorus,silt content,and total porosity.In contrast,the stability of the soil structure in the 20-40

关 键 词：土地利用方式 土壤储水 土壤结构 团聚体稳定性 风沙土区 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]