不同施氮量下稻虾共作模式氮循环及平衡特征  

Nitrogen cycling and balance of rice-crayfish co-culture system under different chemical nitrogen rates

作　　者：肖大康 龚孝雷 胡仁 钱嘉潞 侯俊 葛永虎 梅军 XIAO Da-kang;GONG Xiao-lei;HU Ren;QIAN Jia-lu;HOU Jun;GE Yong-hu;MEI Jun(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Productionin the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Jingzhou Hubei 434025;Xiantao Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Xiantao Hubei 433000;China Farm(Wuhan)Good-seed Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430070)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建),湖北荆州434025 [2]仙桃市农业技术推广中心,湖北仙桃433000 [3]中垦锦绣华农武汉科技有限公司,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期83-91,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32372821);湖北省重点研发计划(2022BBA002)。

摘　　要：探索稻虾共作模式下氮肥用量对稻田氮盈余量及土壤微生物群落的影响,在确保粮食安全的同时减少土壤的活性氮损失,并为水稻可持续生产提供理论支撑。大田试验以稻虾种植模式为研究对象,以不施氮为对照(CK),设置4种施氮量(N60、N120、N180、N240),研究稻虾共作模式下不同施氮量对共作模式氮表观平衡(氮输入与氮输出量间的氮平衡状态)及土壤微生物群落特征的影响。结果表明,虾体系氮输出量占比氮输入量分别为45.9%(2021年)和57.8%(2022年),成虾氮输出量占比氮输入量分别为27.2%(2021年)和32.6%(2022年),大量氮滞留在虾体系中。稻田模式中CK、N60处理表观氮平衡均为负值,N120、N180、N240处理表观氮平衡均为正值,其中N240处理氮盈余量最大,分别达到N 130.4 kg/hm^(2)(2021年)和N 163.1 kg/hm^(2)(2022年)。化肥氮投入量增加有利于土壤(0~60 cm)铵态氮、硝态氮、无机氮含量氮累积量增加,且随土层(0~60 cm)深度增加而降低;2022年土壤不同土层无机氮含量高于2021年。土壤(0~20 cm)中基因型细菌群落AOA、AOB、nirS、nirK、nosZ、narG均随化肥氮投入量的增加而增加。推荐适宜氮肥施用量为N 120~180 kg/hm^(2),稻田表观氮平衡为正数,最大氮盈余量为氮103.5 kg/hm^(2),符合荷兰矿物核算模式和欧盟建议氮盈余量标准(100和80 kg/hm^(2))。长期稻虾共作和增施氮肥有利于土壤无机氮含量增加,扩充土壤氮库。The effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen surplus and soil microbial community in paddy soil under the rice-crayfish co-culture system(RC)were explored,in order to ensure food security and reduce soil active nitrogen loss,and provide theoretical support for sustainable rice production.The field experiment used RC cultivation mode as the research object,with no nitrogen application as the control(CK),and four nitrogen application rates(N60,N120,N180,N240)were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen balance(the nitrogen balance between nitrogen input and nitrogen output)and soil microbial community characteristics under the RC.The proportion of nitrogen output to nitrogen input in the Procambarus clarkii system was 45.9%(2021)and 57.8%(2022),respectively.The proportion of nitrogen output to nitrogen input in adult crayfish was 27.2%(2021)and 32.6%(2022),respectively.A large amount of nitrogen was retained in the crayfish system.In the paddy field model,the apparent nitrogen balance of CK and N60 was negative,while the apparent nitrogen balance of N120,N180 and N240 was positive.Among them,N240 had the largest nitrogen surplus,reaching N 130.4 kg/hm^(2)(2021)and N 163.1 kg/hm^(2)(2022),respectively.The increase in fertilizer nitrogen input was beneficial for the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and inorganic nitrogen in soil(0-60 cm),which decreased with the increase of soil depth(0-60 cm);the inorganic nitrogen content in different soil layers in 2022 was higher than that in 2021.Soil AOA,AOB,nirS,nirK,nosZ and narG(0-20 cm)all increased with the increase of fertilizer nitrogen input.The recommended suitable nitrogen fertilizer application amount was N 120-180 kg/hm^(2).The apparent nitrogen balance in the rice field was positive,and the maximum nitrogen surplus was 103.5 kg/hm^(2),which met the recommended nitrogen surplus standards of the Netherlands MINAS and EU(N 100 and 80 kg/hm^(2)).Long term rice-crayfish co-culture and increased appl

关 键 词：稻虾共作 施氮量 氮平衡 氮盈余 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S966.12