冬季绿肥翻压下氮肥用量对早稻生长和产量的影响  

Effects of winter green manure incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer application on the growth and yield in early rice

作　　者：樊剑波[1] 柳开楼 李继文 孙明珠 胡丹丹 FAN Jian-bo;LIU Kai-lou;LI Ji-wen;SUN Ming-zhu;HU Dan-dan(Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yingtan Jiangxi 335200;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources,Nanchang Jiangxi 331717;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Beijing 100081;Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Nanchang Jiangxi 330046)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院红壤生态实验站,江西鹰潭335200 [2]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,江西南昌331717 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [4]江西省农业技术推广中心,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期92-97,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：江西省省级引导市县发展专项资金(2022-8-13137);江西省“百名农技人员强攻关行动”项目专项经费(202401);鹰潭市学科带头人培养计划项目(202202)。

摘　　要：近年来,南方双季稻区冬闲田的绿肥种植发展迅速,但是关于绿肥翻压还田下早稻季的合理氮肥用量还缺乏研究。通过设置冬闲和紫云英翻压还田下不同氮肥用量的田间试验,分析了早稻产量、产量构成、氮素吸收量和氮肥利用率的变化特征。结果表明:与冬闲相比,N150(氮肥用量为150 kg/hm^(2))、N210(氮肥用量为210 kg/hm^(2))和N270(氮肥用量为270 kg/hm^(2))处理下,紫云英翻压还田下早稻产量分别比冬闲增加了23.32%、47.19%和39.85%;氮素吸收量提高了25.84%~53.41%,紫云英翻压还田下水稻的氮肥利用率(均值为43.08%)也明显高于冬闲(均值为32.50%)。结合产量构成因子发现,紫云英翻压还田主要增加了单位有效穗数来实现水稻增产。同时,与冬闲相似,紫云英翻压还田下也表现出N150处理的籽粒产量、氮素吸收量和氮肥利用率显著高于其他氮肥用量处理,分别比N0(氮肥用量为0 kg/hm^(2))处理增加了2.35、2.93和3.42倍。因此,在南方双季稻区,利用冬闲期进行紫云英种植并翻压还田是实现早稻产量提升的关键,且150 kg/hm^(2)的氮肥用量是实现早稻产量和氮肥利用率协同提升的合理用量。In recent years,the cultivation of winter green manure in double-cropping rice areas in southern China has developed rapidly,but there is still a lack of research on the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rate in early rice season with green manure incorporation.A field experiment was conducted with different nitrogen fertilizer application rates under winter green manure incorporation and fallow,then,the changes of the yield,yield components,nitrogen uptake,and nitrogen use efficiency of early rice were analyzed.The results showed that:compared with the winter fallow,under the N150(nitrogen fertilizer application of 150 kg/hm^(2)),N210(nitrogen fertilizer application of 210 kg/hm^(2)),and N270(nitrogen fertilizer application of 270 kg/hm^(2))treatments with green manure incorporation,the early rice yields were increased by 23.32%,47.19%and 39.85%,respectively,nitrogen uptake were increased by 25.84%-53.41%,and the nitrogen use efficiency(mean of 43.08%)of early rice was significantly higher than that of the winter fallow(mean of 32.50%).Combining yield component factors,it was revealed that green manure incorporation mainly increased the number of panicles per unit to achieve yield increasing of early rice.At the same time,similar to the winter fallow treatments,the grain yield,nitrogen uptake,and nitrogen use efficiency of the N150 treatment with green manure incorporation were significantly higher than those of the other nitrogen fertilizer application rate treatments,which were 2.35,2.93 and 3.42 times higher than those of N0(nitrogen fertilizer application of 0 kg/hm^(2))treatment,respectively.Therefore,in the double-cropping rice area in the South China,green manure incorporation is a key to improving the early rice yield.The reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 150 kg/hm^(2)was needed to achieve a synergistic increase in early rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：绿肥翻压还田 早稻 氮肥用量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]