氮磷钾配施对木薯饲用产量的动态影响  

Dynamic effects of NPK fertilizers on feed yield of cassava

作　　者：肖明昆 宋记明[1] 姜太玲 白丽娜 段春芳[1] 熊贤坤[1] 刘光华[2] 严炜[1] XIAO Ming-kun;SONG Ji-ming;JIANG Tai-ling;BAI Li-na;DUAN Chun-fang;XIONG Xian-kun;LIU Guang-hua;YAN Wei(Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan Yunnan 678000;International Agricultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000 [2]云南省农业科学院国际农业研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期98-106,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省李开绵专家工作站(项目编号:202305AF150004);国家木薯产业技术体系保山综合试验站(项目编号:CARS-11-YNLGH);云南省农业基础研究联合专项项目(项目编号:202301BD070001-220);保山市科技计划项目(项目编号:2023bskj020)。

摘　　要：探明氮、磷、钾配施对木薯不同饲用部位产量的影响及肥料效应,为木薯规范化施肥和保障木薯粮饲化原料供应提供依据。采用“3414”设计进行田间试验,测量不同时间点木薯饲用部位产量,进行肥效互作效应分析、单因素效应分析,筛选出最优施肥方案。结果表明,不同施肥处理在不同时间点对木薯饲用部位产量的影响不同。氮素在木薯茎叶生长发育中起到重要作用,钾素对地下块根的生长有较好的促进作用,木薯对磷素的吸收较为稳定,植后3~8个月,施入中低水平的磷均能保证生长所需。收获全株木薯或地上部分饲用应补充充足的氮素,氮肥用量75~150 kg/hm^(2)。随着生育期的推进,植后8个月,木薯的生长逐渐由地上部分转向地下部分,继续维持较高生物量需补充适量的钾肥,N2P2K1(N 150 kg/hm^(2),P 150 kg/hm^(2),K 150 kg/hm^(2))处理具有最高的增产率(较空白处理增产27.02%)。不同施肥处理对木薯鲜薯产量的影响不同,且不同时间影响也不同。收获木薯块根饲用应在植后6~8个月,补充钾肥150~450 kg/hm^(2)更有利于提高木薯产量。氮肥虽能促进木薯茎叶生长,但后期高氮不利于块根淀粉积累,在木薯饲用的施肥管理中,应根据不同生产目标合理施用氮、磷、钾肥。The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium combined application on the yield of different feeding parts of cassava and the fertilizer effect were explored to provide a basis for the standardized fertilization of cassava and ensure the supply of cassava grain feeding raw materials.The“3414”design was used in field experiment to determine the yield of cassava feeding parts at different time points,and the fertilizer effect interaction effect analysis and single factor effect analysis were conducted to screen the optimal fertilization scheme.The results indicated that different fertilization treatments had different effects on the yield of cassava feed parts at different time points.Nitrogen played an important role in the growth and development of cassava stems and leaves,potassium had a good promoting effect on the growth of underground tubers,cassava had a relatively stable absorption of phosphorus,and applying medium to low levels of phosphorus 3-8 months after planting could ensure normal growth of cassava.Harvesting whole cassava plants or aboveground parts for feeding should be supplemented with sufficient nitrogen,with a nitrogen fertilizer dosage of 75-150 kg/hm^(2).With the advancement of the growth period,the growth of cassava gradually shifted from aboveground to underground.8 months after planting,high biomass maintaining required appropriate potassium supplementation.N2P2K1(N 150 kg/hm^(2),P 150 kg/hm^(2),K 150 kg/hm^(2))treatment had the highest yield increase rate(27.02% higher than the control).The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield of fresh cassava varied,and varied over time.Harvesting cassava tubers for feeding should be done 6-8 months after planting,and supplementing with potassium fertilizer of 150-450 kg/hm^(2) was more conducive to improving cassava yield.In addition,although nitrogen fertilizer could promote the growth of cassava stems and leaves,high nitrogen in the later stage was not conducive to the accumulation of root starch.In the fertilization manag

关 键 词：木薯 氮磷钾配施 饲用产量 肥料效应 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]