不同氮源对芦苇好氧堆肥中温室气体排放及碳氮损失的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen sources on greenhouse gasses emissions and carbon/nitrogen losses in aerobic composting of reeds

作　　者：梁玉伟 张世文[1] 胡睿鑫 郭丹丹 陈方可 胡含秀 LIANG Yu-wei;ZHANG Shi-wen;HU Rui-xin;GUO Dan-dan;CHEN Fang-ke;HU Han-xiu(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期107-117,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：长三角典型流域多源有机固废集约化处置集成示范(SQ2020YFC190126)。

摘　　要：外源氮添加下的芦苇秸秆好氧堆肥是芦苇资源化利用的重要途径。秸秆好氧堆肥温室气体排放及碳氮损失量主要受含氮底物类型、底物碳氮比及附加投入品的影响。为了探究不同氮源对芦苇好氧堆肥过程中温室气体排放和碳氮损失情况,以芦苇为原料进行40 d的好氧堆肥试验,设置两个处理:添加尿素(A)和添加黑麦草(B),采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O浓度,同时利用传统的化学分析法测定堆肥过程中的理化指标。结果表明:(1)A、B处理的碳素损失分别占初始总碳的46.85%~47.03%、46.62%~46.78%;氮素损失分别占初始总氮的9.81%~13.23%、8.92%~10.62%。黑麦草处理的CO_(2)-C损失比尿素处理显著增加5.41%~8.38%;两个处理以CH_(4)-C损失占总碳损失均不超过0.01%;尿素处理的N_(2)O-N损失比黑麦草处理显著增加了24.11%~30.93%。尿素处理的NH_(3)-N损失比黑麦草处理显著增加了10.42%~27.63%。(2)理化指标与CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O、NH_(3)的排放通量存在一定相关性。温度和总有机碳与CO_(2)、CH_(4)和NH_(3)排放呈正相关;碳氮比(C/N)与CO_(2)和CH_(4)排放呈正相关;NO_(3)^(-)-N与CO_(2)和CH_(4)排放呈负相关,但与N_(2)O排放呈显著正相关。冗余分析结果表明,NO_(3)^(-)-N和C/N对CO_(2)、CH_(4)、N_(2)O、NH_(3)排放的影响最大。(3)无论哪种模式,3种温室气体累积排放量均为CO_(2)最大,CH_(4)最小。(4)不同氮源温室气体和NH_(3)的排放特征不同,添加黑麦草使CO_(2)和CH_(4)累积排放量分别增加了9.64%和0.23%,N_(2)O累积排放量减少了28.76%,总温室气体排放当量增加了48.48 kg·t^(-1)。研究表明,黑麦草处理碳素损失和氮素损失更小,尿素处理在总温室气体减排方面效果更佳。结合两个处理的种子发芽指数来看,推荐黑麦草作为氮源与芦苇好氧堆肥。Aerobic composting of reed straw with exogenous nitrogen addition is an important way to utilize reed resources.The greenhouse gas emissions and carbon and nitrogen losses of aerobic straw composting are mainly affected by the type of nitrogenous substrate,substrate carbon and nitrogen ratio and additional inputs.In order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen sources on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon and nitrogen losses during aerobic composting of reed,a 40 d aerobic composting test was carried out with reed as the raw material,and two treatments were set up:addition of urea and addition of ryegrass,and the static box-gas chromatography was used to determine the concentrations of CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)O,and the traditional chemical analysis was also utilized to determine the physicochemical Indicators.The results showed that:(1)The carbon loss in the urea treatment and ryegrass treatment accounted for 46.85%-47.03% and 46.62%-46.78% of the initial total carbon,respectively;the nitrogen loss accounted for 9.81%-13.23% and 8.92%-10.62% of the initial total nitrogen,respectively.CO_(2)-C loss in the ryegrass treatment was significantly increased by 5.41%-8.38%,compared to the urea treatment;Neither treatment accounted for more than 0.01% of the total carbon loss with CH_(4)-C loss;N_(2)O-N loss in the urea treatment was significantly increased by 24.11%-30.93%,compared to the ryegrass treatment.The NH_(3)-N loss of urea treatment was significantly increased by 10.42%-27.63% than that of ryegrass treatment.(2)Physicochemical indicators were correlated with the emission fluxes of CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O and NH_(3).Temperature and total organic carbon were positively correlated with CO_(2),CH_(4) and NH_(3) emissions;C/N was positively correlated with CO_(2) and CH_(4) emissions;NO_(3)^(-)-N was negatively correlated with CO_(2) and CH_(4) emissions,but significantly positively correlated with N_(2)O emissions.The results of redundancy analysis showed that NO_(3)^(-)-N and C/N had the greatest influence

关 键 词：芦苇 氮源 黑麦草 堆肥 温室气体 碳氮损失 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]