土壤调理剂对酸性土壤的改良及夏玉米增产效果  

Effect of soil conditioners on the improvement of acid soil characteristics and maize yield

作　　者：李丹 曹云[1,2,3,4] 汪吉东[1] 张晶 孙倩[1,3,4] 龙玉娇 黄红英[1,3] 徐跃定 靳红梅 LI Dan;CAO Yun;WANG Ji-dong;ZHANG Jing;SUN Qian;LONG Yu-jiao;HUANG Hong-ying;XU Yue-ding;JIN Hong-mei(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014;College of Resources and Environment,Nanjing AgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste ResourceUtilization,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095;Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming,Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [3]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210095 [4]农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期170-177,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021378);国家自然科学基金(42077100);江苏省农业自主创新资金项目(CX(22)1004)。

摘　　要：为探究不同调理剂对江苏丘陵地区酸性土壤的改良效果及其对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响,采用盆栽试验,将腐熟堆肥、秸秆灰渣、风化煤分别以8∶1∶1(T1)、9∶0.5∶0.5(T2)、7∶2∶1(T3)、10∶0∶0(T4)的干质量比例配置成4种不同土壤调理剂,以不添加调理剂的全无机肥处理为对照(CK),研究在等氮条件下,调理剂与无机肥配施对酸性土壤性质、玉米产量及养分吸收量的影响。结果表明,施用土壤调理剂配施无机肥的所有处理显著提高了土壤pH值和交换性盐基离子总量,同时也显著降低了土壤中交换性铝的含量。T4处理pH值提高了0.33,土壤交换性氢和交换性铝含量分别比CK降低了48.73%、29.17%,交换性盐基离子总量提升了20.00%。所有调理剂处理的土壤有机质、有效磷均有所提升,其中以T3效果最好,与CK相比有机质和有效磷含量分别高出23.78%和42.71%。所有调理剂处理均提高了玉米根、茎叶和籽粒磷吸收量,并促进氮素从根系向地上部的转移。所有调理剂处理玉米籽粒产量均显著高于CK,平均增产率为23.2%。熵值法对土壤改良效果综合分析结果表明,本试验条件下以堆肥∶风化煤∶秸秆灰渣以7∶2∶1的比例混合或全部以堆肥为原料的调理剂对酸性土壤的改良以及玉米增产效果最好,可作为江苏丘陵地区酸性土壤改良的调理剂。The aim of the study was to explore the improvement effect of compound conditioner on acid soil from Jiangsu hilly area and its effect on yield and nutrient accumulation on summer maize.A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of combined application of inorganic fertilizers with different soil conditioners made from mature compost,straw ash,weathered coal mixed at 8∶1∶1(dry mass,T1);9∶0.5∶0.5(T2);7∶2∶1(T3)and 10∶0∶0(T4)on soil acidity and nutrient accumulation of maize.Soil treated with pure inorganic fertilizer was set up as the control(CK).The results showed that all treatments of soil conditioner combined with inorganic fertilizer significantly increased soil pH value and contents of total exchangeable base ions,and also significantly reduced the content of exchangeable aluminum in soil.The pH value of T4 treatment increased by 0.33,the content of exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum in soil decreased by 48.73% and 29.17%,respectively,and the total amount of exchangeable base ions increased by 20.00%,compared with the control.The soil organic matter and available phosphorus of all treatments were improved,and the effect of T3 was the best among all treatments.Compared with the control,the contents of organic matter and available phosphorus were 23.78% and 42.71% higher in T3,respectively.Treatments with soil conditioners significantly increased the phosphorous accumulation in roots,stems,leaves and grains,and improved transportation of nitrogen from root to aboveground part of the plant.Treatments with soil conditioners also significantly increased plant yield.The yield of treatments with soil conditioners were increased by 23.2% in average compared with CK.The comprehensive analysis of soil improvement effect using entropy method showed that soil conditioner made from compost∶weathered coal∶straw ash mixed in a 7∶2∶1 ratio improved acidity of the acid soil in hilly areas and increased maize yield the most.It could be used as a conditioner for improving acidic s

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 玉米 养分 有机质 土壤交换性盐基离子 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]