激活营养包对棘孢木霉菌剂降解玉米秸秆的强化研究  

Intensifying the degradation of corn straw by Trichoderma asperellum microbial inoculum using activate nutrition package

作　　者：连启睿 万博文 朱家磊 王正 王珊珊[1] 朱振元[1] LIAN Qi-rui;WAN Bo-wen;ZHU Jia-lei;WANG Zheng;WANG Shan-shan;ZHU Zhen-yuan(College of Food Science and Engineering,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津300457

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期186-193,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310057245);天津市农业产学研用合作“揭榜挂帅”项目(GBGG202429)。

摘　　要：秸秆在自然条件下难以降解,不利于生态环保和可持续发展,在前期研究中制备使用棘孢木霉菌剂降解玉米秸秆,虽具有较好的降解纤维素能力,但其降解率有待提高。研究通过配制一种激活营养包对棘孢木霉菌剂降解玉米秸秆进行强化,以提高降解率并进一步优化降解方案。通过单因素实验,将不同的4种速效碳源、4种速效氮源、5种无机盐分别配置成营养液,与前期制成的棘孢木霉可湿性粉剂配合使用,在不同时间阶段测定秸秆的降解率,确定不同营养物质在营养包配方中的组成及比例。在单因素筛选的基础上,选取合适浓度的变量,选取蔗糖、硫酸铵和硫酸锌3个因素,设计三因素三水平的响应面试验,利用Design Expert.8对试验数据进行分析,确定理论最优组配方并进行验证,按照质量比制备成棘孢木霉菌剂激活营养包。通过单因素实验,确定1‰蔗糖、1‰硫酸铵、0.5‰硫酸锌为菌剂激活营养包的最佳配方,在培养15 d后,玉米秸秆的降解率分别达到(39.63±2.01)%、(35.67±1.46)%、(39.66±0.85)%;通过响应面优化,确定理论最优组为1.02‰蔗糖、1.05‰硫酸铵、0.35‰硫酸锌,对其进行验证实验,15 d后玉米秸秆降解率为(41.32±0.57)%,与预测值非常接近。最终将蔗糖、硫酸铵、硫酸锌按照20∶21∶7的比例制成菌剂激活营养包。根据最佳组成与比例制成菌剂激活营养包,与菌剂同时使用能够显著提升降解玉米秸秆的效果,提高秸秆还田率,增强土壤肥力,进一步优化了技术方案。Straw is difficult to degrade under natural conditions,which is not conducive to ecological protection and sustainable development.In the preliminary research,the use of Trichoderma asperellum microbial inoculum to degrade corn straw was prepared.Although it has good cellulose degradation ability,its degradation rate needs to be improved.A study was conducted to enhance the degradation of corn stover by using an activated nutrient package to enhance the degradation rate and further optimize the degradation plan.Through a single factor experiment,four different quick acting carbon sources,four quick acting nitrogen sources,and five inorganic salts were prepared into nutrient solutions,which were then combined with the wettable powder of Trichoderma asperellum.The degradation rate of straw was measured at different time stages to determine the composition and proportion of different nutrients in the nutrient package formula.On the basis of single factor screening,appropriate concentrations of variables were selected to design a response surface experiment with three factors and three levels for sucrose,ammonium sulfate,and zinc sulfate.Design Expert.8 was used to analyze the experimental data,determine and validate the theoretical optimal group formula.The activated nutrition package of Aspergillus oxysporum was prepared according to the mass ratio.Through single factor experiments,the optimal formula for activating nutrient packs with 1‰ sucrose,1‰ ammonium sulfate and 0.5‰ zinc sulfate was determined.After 15 days of cultivation,the degradation rates of corn straw reached(39.63±2.01)%,(35.67±1.46)% and(39.66±0.85)%,respectively;Through response surface optimization,the theoretical optimal group was determined to be 1.02‰ sucrose,1.05‰ ammonium sulfate and 0.35‰ zinc sulfate.Validation experiments were conducted on them,and after 15 days,the degradation rate of corn straw was(41.32±0.57)%,which was very close to the predicted value.Finally,sucrose,ammonium sulfate,and zinc sulfate were used in a 20

关 键 词：棘孢木霉菌剂 玉米秸秆 激活营养包 纤维素降解 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]