牛粪多功能促生菌的筛选及其对小白菜促生提质效果研究  

Screening and identification of multifunctional growth-promoting bacteria in cow dung and its effect on promoting the growth and quality of pakchoi

作　　者：曹钰敏 李凤敏 郭志强 王祎[1] 李芳 韩燕来[1] 张红 姜瑛[1] CAO Yu-min;LI Feng-min;GUO Zhi-qiang;WANG Yi;LI Fang;HAN Yan-lai;ZHANG Hong;JIANG Ying(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450046;College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第1期231-240,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1300081);河南省优秀青年科学基金(242300421147);河南省科技攻关项目(232102111031,212102110393);中国烟草总公司江西省公司科技计划项目(202301006)。

摘　　要：牛粪作为一种有巨大发展潜力的生物资源,其中存在多种有益微生物。从牛粪中筛选出具有多功能促生效果的微生物菌株,并通过小白菜盆栽试验对其促生功能进行探究,为优质微生物肥料的开发提供优质菌株资源。从牛粪中分离出细菌菌株,测定其产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、解钾、溶无机磷能力。通过形态学、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析方法对其种属进行鉴定,并通过小白菜盆栽试验验证其促生效果。实验室筛选得到一株多功能促生菌株J9,鉴定为松鼠葡萄球菌(Mammaliicoccus sciuri),其产IAA能力达36.87 mg/L、解钾能力达35.47 mg/L、溶无机磷能力达286.11 mg/L。在小白菜促生盆栽试验中,与对照相比,接种J9微生物菌剂的盆栽土壤,其微生物量碳、土壤呼吸、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷分别提高了4.67%、31.76%、0.28%、13.61%、12.86%。小白菜的总根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积和根尖数分别增加了8.64%、13.48%、8.70%、21.87%、11.98%。小白菜的株高、叶长、叶宽、开展度、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部鲜重、地下部干重分别增加了13.30%、17.24%、15.00%、36.69%、42.08%、56.52%、48.21%、33.33%。小白菜营养品质指标中硝酸盐含量显著降低了36.51%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、维生素C、可溶性糖分别提高了8.00%、11.27%、11.59%、35.00%、63.90%。筛选得到的松鼠葡萄球菌J9兼具产IAA、解钾、溶无机磷功能,能够提升土壤肥力,实现小白菜的产量提升和品质优化。Cow dung,as a biological resource with enormous development potential,contains various beneficial microorganisms.Microbial strains with multi-functional growth-promoting effects were screened from cow dung,and their growth-promoting functions were explored through pot experiments on pakchoi,providing excellent strain resources for the development of high-quality microbial fertilizers.Bacterial strains were isolated from cow dung,and their capacity to produce indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),release potassium,and dissolve inorganic phosphorus was determined.Their species were identified through morphological,physiological,biochemical,and 16S rDNA sequence analysis methods,and their growth-promoting effects were verified through pakchoi pot experiment.A multifunctional growth-promoting strain J9 was selected in the laboratory,identified as Mammaliicoccus sciuri,with IAA production capacity of 36.87 mg/L,potassium release capacity of 35.47 mg/L,and inorganic phosphorus solubilization capacity of 286.11 mg/L.In the pakchoi growth-promoting pot experiment,compared with the control,the soil inoculated with J9 microbial agent showed increases of 4.67%,31.76%,0.28%,13.61% and 12.86% in microbial carbon content,soil respiration,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,and available phosphorus,respectively.The total root length,root surface area,average root diameter,root volume and root tip number of pakchoi all experienced increases of 8.64%,13.48%,8.70%,21.87% and 11.98%,respectively.The plant height,leaf length,leaf width,expansion degree,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground dry weight,underground fresh weight and underground dry weight of pakchoi exhibited an increase of 13.30%,17.24%,15.00%,36.69%,42.08%,56.52%,48.21% and 33.33%,respectively.The nitrate content in the nutritional quality index of pakchoi was significantly reduced by 36.51%,and the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids,vitamin C and soluble sugar were increased by 8.00%,11.27%,11.59%,35.00% and 63.90%,respectively.The selected Mammaliicoccus sciuri J9 strain posse

关 键 词：牛粪 产吲哚乙酸 解钾 溶无机磷 小白菜 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]