俄国远东地区华人“公议会”刍议  

Discussion on the Chinese“Public Council”in the Russian Far East

作　　者：窦欣宇 南慧英 DOU Xin-yu;NAN Hui-ying(Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学历史文化学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期134-138,共5页Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University

基　　金：2024年度黑龙江省省属本科高校“优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划”项目“俄国远东地区华人社会研究(1860-1917)”(YQJH2024098)。

摘　　要：俄国远东地区森林广布,珍稀动植物资源丰富。帝俄时期,生活在远东地区的华人大多以猎取、采集野生动植物资源为业并获利颇丰,但也由此产生诸多问题。为解决行业内华人纠纷、统一商品价格、规范华人在该领域内的活动,19世纪60年代,“公议会”应运而生。“公议会”是一个具有双重性质的民间社团组织,一方面救助华人、保护华人安全、为在俄华人争取权益;另一方面,由“公议会”制定的社团组织章程和对商品价格的限制具有一定垄断性质。在国内社会动荡与“黄祸论”蔓延的紧张局势影响下,俄国政府对秘密社团组织的管控日趋严厉,1897年,俄国政府正式取缔华人社团组织机构及其活动,“公议会”逐渐转为秘密活动,但在其存续时间内,对保护华人群体利益及为俄国远东地区做出的贡献仍不容忽视。The Russian Far East is widely forested and rich in rare animal and plant resources.During Imperial Russia,the Chinese living in the Far East mostly hunted and collected wild animal and plant resources and made a lot of profits,but it also caused many problems.In order to solve Chinese disputes in the industry,unify commodity prices,and regulate Chinese activities in the field,the“Public Council”came into being in the 1860s.The“Public Council”is a civil society organization with a dual nature.On the one hand,it helps the Chinese,protects the safety of the Chinese,and fights for the rights and interests of the Chinese in Russia;On the other hand,the articles of association and the restrictions on commodity prices formulated by the“Public Council”have a certain monopoly nature.Under the influence of domestic social unrest and the spreading tension of“Yellow Peril”,the Russian government’s control over secret society organizations became increasingly severe.In 1897,the Russian government officially banned Chinese society organizations and their activities,and the“Public Council”gradually turned to secret activities.The protection of the interests of the Chinese community and its contribution to the Russian Far East should not be ignored.

关 键 词：俄国 远东地区 华人 “公议会” 

分 类 号：D634.3[政治法律—政治学] D751.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]