抗生素导致代谢性酸中毒和电解质紊乱不良反应的研究进展  

Research progress on adverse effects of metabolic acidosis and electrolyte disorder caused by antibiotics

作　　者：高馨 曲娜 张亚苹 张菁楠 许馨文 GAO Xin;QU Na;ZHANG Yaping;ZHANG Jingnan;XU Xinwen(Department of Pharmacy,Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University,Heilongjiang,Mudanjiang 157000,China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江医科大学附属红旗医院药学部,黑龙江牡丹江157000

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2025年第4期19-22,共4页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：黑龙江省中医药管理局中医药科研课题(ZHY2022-042)。

摘　　要：代谢性酸中毒是住院患者常见的体内酸碱失衡,其特征可被描述为动脉血pH值和血清碳酸氢根浓度降低,相应地出现以代偿性通气过度为特征的动脉血二氧化碳分压下降;通常与手术应激、容量丢失、基础疾病等相关,少数情况下药物也可诱发酸碱紊乱。电解质具有维持体液渗透压,保持液体正常分布的功能。电解质紊乱会影响体内液体渗透压和酸碱平衡变化,对多组织器官产生危害。抗生素是处方中应用最广泛的一类治疗药物,不同机制的水电解质失衡可继发于各类抗生素的使用。本文对近年来临床常见抗生素导致肾损伤与高乳酸血症相关的代谢性酸中毒和电解质紊乱研究进展进行综述,以期为临床合理使用抗生素提供理论基础和科学建议。Metabolic acidosis is a common acid-base imbalance in hospitalized patients,which can be described as the decrease of arterial blood pH and serum bicarbonate concentration,and the corresponding decrease of arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure characterized by compensatory hyperventilation.It is usually related to surgical stress,volume loss,basic diseases,etc.In a few cases,drugs can also induce acidbase disorders.Electrolyte has the function of maintaining the osmotic pressure of body fluid and maintaining the normal distribution of liquid.Electrolyte disorder will impact the changes of osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in vivo,which will do harm to many tissues and organs.Antibiotics are the most widely used therapeutic drugs in prescriptions,and the imbalance of water and electricity with different mechanisms can be secondary to the use of various antibiotics.In this paper,the research progress of metabolic acidosis and electrolyte disorder related to hyperlactic acid caused by common antibiotics in recent years is reviewed,in order to provide theoretical basis and scientific suggestions for rational use of antibiotics in clinic.

关 键 词：抗生素 代谢性酸中毒 乳酸中毒 肾小管酸中毒 电解质紊乱 急性肾损伤 

分 类 号：R593.2[医药卫生—内科学]