放线菌除草活性菌株筛选及其活性物质分离与鉴定  

Screening of the Herbicidal Active Strains of Actinomycetes and Isolation and Identification of Their Active Substances

作　　者：谭结 郑永标[1] TAN Jie;ZHENG Yong-biao(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2025年第1期1-6,共6页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省高校产学合作项目(2024N5005)。

摘　　要：微生物天然产物是开发高效安全除草剂的重要资源。以70株放线菌为研究对象,首先通过拟南芥种子萌发抑制试验筛选除草活性较强的菌株,再综合运用溶剂萃取和以正相硅胶、反相硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶等为介质的各种色谱技术,结合活性测试,追踪分离纯化除草活性物质,并根据核磁共振波谱数据解析化合物结构,最后测定纯化合物的除草活性。结果表明:从70株放线菌中筛选获得1株对拟南芥种子萌发具有显著抑制活性的赤红球菌Rhodococcus ruber,从其发酵产物中分离到具有除草活性的化合物1,根据核磁波谱数据鉴定为苯乙酸。除草活性测定表明苯乙酸在供试浓度为60μg·mL^(-1)时,其对拟南芥种子萌发抑制率达到了90%,剂量试验表明IC50值为36.07μg·mL^(-1)。研究结果揭示了赤红球菌及其代谢产物苯乙酸在开发天然除草剂方面的应用潜力。The microbial natural products are important resources for the development of efficient and safe herbicides.In this study,70 strains of actinomycetes were used as the research object.Firstly,the strains with strong herbicidal activity were screened through the seed germination inhibition test of Arabidopsis thaliana.Then,the herbicidal active substances were tracked,separated and purified by the solvent extraction and various chromatographic techniques with normal phase silica gel,reverse phase silica gel,dextran gel as the media,combined with the activity test.The structure of the compound was analyzed according to the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data,and finally the herbicidal activity of the pure compound was determined.The results showed that:one strain of Rhodococcus ruber was isolated from 70 strains of actinomycetes,which showed significant inhibitory activity on the seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana.And a compound designated as compound 1 with herbicidal activity was isolated from the fermentation product of Rhodococcus ruber,which was identified as phenylacetic acid according to NMR data.The herbicidal activity assay showed that the inhibition rate of phenylacetic acid on the seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana reached 90%at the concentration of 60μg·mL^(-1),and the dose test showed that the IC50 value was 36.07μg·mL^(-1).The results revealed the application potential of Rhodococcus ruber and its metabolite phenylacetic acid in the development of natural herbicides.

关 键 词：放线菌 拟南芥 赤红球菌 苯乙酸 

分 类 号：S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]