甘蔗ScmiR393在植物应答缺氮胁迫中的功能研究  

Functional Study of Sugarcane ScmiR393 in Plant Response to Nitrogen Deficiency Stress

作　　者：翁梦静 张慈凤 林娜平 陈思睿 尚家宝 曹智 王艳君 金美芳 杨颖颖 WENG Meng-jing;ZHANG Ci-feng;LIN Na-ping;CHEN Si-rui;SHANG Jia-bao;CAO Zhi;WANG Yan-jun;JIN Mei-fang;YANG Ying-ying(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350117,China;Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Modern Facility Agriculture,School of Food and Bioengineering,Fujian Polytechnic Normal University,Fuqing,Fujian 350300,China;Haixia Institute of Science and Technology,School of Future Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350117 [2]福建技术师范学院食品与生物工程学院现代设施农业福建省高校工程研究中心,福建福清3503003 [3]福建农林大学未来技术学院海峡联合研究院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2025年第1期24-30,共7页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101810);福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J011238)。

摘　　要：我国蔗区施氮量较高,甘蔗品种氮利用效率相对偏低。培育氮高效品种是提高甘蔗氮利用效率,减少施氮量的有效途径。挖掘甘蔗响应缺氮胁迫的关键miRNA,研究其生物学功能,是甘蔗氮高效分子育种的理论基础。课题组前期发现ScmiR393是甘蔗应答缺氮胁迫的重要调控因子,为进一步探究缺氮胁迫下甘蔗ScmiR393的生物学功能,将甘蔗ScmiR393转入水稻中,获得纯合转ScmiR393水稻株系,以野生型水稻为对照,研究缺氮胁迫前后转ScmiR393水稻的农艺性状、光合特性及氮代谢关键酶活性的变化。结果表明:缺氮胁迫10 d,与野生型水稻相比,转甘蔗ScmiR393水稻根的谷氨酸脱氢酶活性显著降低,茎的谷氨酰胺合成酶活性显著降低,旗叶的叶绿素相对含量和最大光化学效率显著下降,光合作用受到抑制,植株分蘖数显著增加,根条数、根表面积和根体积的增加量均显著降低。综上,甘蔗ScmiR393可能具有降低植物氮同化的能力,能够减少旗叶光合作用效率,抑制植物的生长。研究转甘蔗ScmiR393水稻的耐缺氮机理,探究缺氮胁迫下甘蔗ScmiR393的生物学功能,为甘蔗氮高效育种提供理论依据和关键基因元件。The nitrogen application rate in sugarcane area of China was relatively high,and the nitrogen utilization efficiency of sugarcane varieties was relatively low.The cultivation of nitrogen-efficient sugarcane varieties was an effective way to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency and reduce the nitrogen application rate of sugarcane.Exploring the key miRNAs of sugarcane in response to nitrogen deficiency stress and studying their biological functions were the theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of sugarcane varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency.ScmiR393 was previously found to be an important regulatory factor for sugarcane in response to the nitrogen deficiency stress by the research team.In order to further explore the biological function of sugarcane ScmiR393 under the nitrogen deficiency stress,ScmiR393 of sugarcane was transferred into rice to obtain a homozygous ScmiR393-overexpressed transgenic rice line.The changes of agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics and the key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism in the ScmiR393-overexpressed transgenic rice before and after the nitrogen deficiency stress were studied with the wild-type rice as the control group.The results showed that after 10 days of nitrogen deficiency stress,the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase in the roots of ScmiR393-overexpressed transgenic rice was significantly lower than that of the wild-type rice,and the activity of glutamine synthetase in the stems was significantly lower than that of the wild-type rice.The relative chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency in the flag leaves decreased significantly,thus the photosynthesis was inhibited.The number of tillers increased significantly,and the increase of root number,root surface area and root volume decreased significantly.In summary,Sugarcane ScmiR393 may have the ability to reduce the nitrogen assimilation of plant,reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis in flag leaves,and inhibit the plant growth.The study on the mechanism of nitrogen d

关 键 词：缺氮胁迫 甘蔗 ScmiR393 转基因水稻 生物学功能 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]