洞庭湖滨湖小时风速及湖陆风变化特征  

Variation characteristics of hourly wind speed at lakeside and lake-land breeze in Dongting Lake

作　　者：谢益军[1,2] 黄菊梅 杨伟 黄天赐 吴浩 袁泉[2] XIE Yijun;HUANG Jumei;YANG Wei;HUANG Tianci;WU Hao;YUAN Quan(Hunan Climate Center,Key Laboratory of Preventing-Diminishing Meteorological Disasters in Hunan Province,Changsha 410118,China;Dongting Lake National Climate Observatory,Yueyang 414000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省气候中心,气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410118 [2]洞庭湖国家气候观象台,湖南岳阳414000

出　　处：《干旱气象》2025年第1期54-63,共10页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：湖南省气象局2023年创新发展专项(CXFZ2023-FZZX17);国家自然科学基金项目(42005058)共同资助。

摘　　要：了解洞庭湖湖陆风风速在大尺度气候背景下的变化特征及其可能原因,对风能资源的开发利用、水上交通运输以及防灾减灾等有参考意义。利用1954—2021年岳阳站小时风向风速资料,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall突变检验及滑动t检验等方法,分析滨湖风速和湖陆风风速特征及长期变化趋势。结果表明:在4个时次的风向风速特征方面,02:00、08:00、20:00(北京时,下同)基本一致,均以偏东风、陆风为主,14:00则以偏西风、湖风为主,且14:00风速明显大于其他时次。年际尺度上,滨湖风速和湖陆风风速4个时次的变化趋势一致,4个时次滨湖风速和02:00、08:00、20:00陆风风速均表现为明显减小趋势,而14:00湖风风速变化不显著。月际尺度上,除20:00外,02:00、08:00、14:00均在7月风速达到峰值;14:00冬季各月以陆风为主,其他各月以湖风为主,02:00、08:00、20:00各月均以陆风为主;全年以汛期湖风风速最大。小时尺度上,2004—2021年24 h逐时风速与湖陆风风速变化趋势基本一致,陆风频率高于湖风,10:00—17:00风速较大且以湖风为主,各月09:00—18:00出现时长为3~10 h的湖风。突变检验发现4个时次风速从20世纪70年代开始显著下降,但仅14:00风速于1970年附近突变,4个时次湖陆风风速突变点在2002年或2003年。探测环境变化导致湖风风速和短时间风速增大并不能改变风速长期减小趋势,换仪器对风速及湖陆风风速影响均较小。Understanding the variation characteristics and possible causes of lake-land breeze speed in Dongting Lake under largescale climate background is of reference significance for the development and utilization of wind energy resources,water transportation and disaster prevention and reduction.The hourly wind direction and wind speed data at Yueyang Station from 1954 to 2021 are used to analyze the wind speed characteristics and long-term trends of the shoreline and lake-land wind by using the linear tendency estima⁃tion,Mann-Kendall mutation detection and sliding t-test methods.The results show that about the wind direction and wind speed char⁃acteristics of the four times,02:00,08:00 and 20:00(Beijing time,the same as below)were almost the same,and the easterly wind and land breeze were dominant,while the westerly wind and lake breeze prevailed at 14:00,and the wind speed at 14:00 was signifi⁃cantly higher than other times.At the inter-annual scale,the variation trend of lakeshore and lake-land wind speed was consistent at four times,both the wind speeds at four times and the land breezes at 02:00,08:00 and 20:00 all showed an obvious decreasing trend,while the change of the lake breeze at 14:00 was not significant.For monthly scale,the wind speed peaks at 02:00,08:00 and 14:00 were all in July,and at 14:00 in winter months land breezes were dominated,and in other months it was dominated by lake breezes.It was dominated by land breezes at 02:00,08:00 and 20:00 in each month,and lake breeze speed was the highest in flood season throughout the year.On the hourly scale,the variation trend of hourly wind speed from 2004 to 2021 was basically the same as that of the lake-land breezes.The frequency of the land breezes was higher than that of the lake breezes,and the wind speed was larger and lake breeze was dominated from 10:00 to 17:00,and the lake breezes with a duration of 3 to 10 hours occurred from 09:00 to 18:00 in each month.The mutation tests find that the wind speed at four times decreased significantly f

关 键 词：风速 湖陆风 气候变化 洞庭湖 突变检验 

分 类 号：P425.41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]