山东高温天气分布及变化特征  

Distribution and variation characteristics of high temperature weather in Shandong

作　　者：环海军 徐玮平 刘岩 葛瑞婷 丛菁成 董旭光[2] HUAN Haijun;XU Weiping;LIU Yan;GE Ruiting;CONG Jingcheng;DONG Xuguang(Zibo Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province,Zibo 255048,Shandong,China;Shandong Provincial Climate Center,Ji’nan 250031,China;East China Air Traffic Management Bureau CAAC,Shanghai 200335,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省淄博市气象局,山东淄博255048 [2]山东省气候中心,山东济南250031 [3]中国民用航空华东地区空中交通管理局,上海200335

出　　处：《干旱气象》2025年第1期64-75,共12页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目“山东夏季极端高温成因及其延伸期动力降尺度预测方法研究”(ZR2023QD086);山东省气象局气象科学技术研究项目“区域性高温过程风险识别与预评估技术研究”(2021SDQXZ04);山东省气象局气象科学技术研究项目“山东夏季复合型极端高温变化趋势及物理机制研究”(2022SDYD03);山东省气象局科学技术研究项目“风速数据一致性处理技术和应用研究”(2023SDBD02)共同资助。

摘　　要：山东高温天气频发,研究不同高温指数变化规律及高温天气环流背景有利于更好地防御高温天气带来的不利影响。利用1981—2022年山东省122个国家基本气象站日最高气温、日最低气温和相对湿度逐日观测资料,通过分析年最高气温、高温日数、暖夜日数和高温热浪日数研究山东高温天气变化特征,并对典型高温热浪过程的环流形势进行分析。结果表明:山东高温天气主要发生在中西部地区,半岛地区较少;年最高气温西高东低,高温日数、暖夜日数和高温热浪日数呈西多东少的分布特征,空间变化幅度略有差异。山东年最高气温、高温日数、暖夜日数、不同等级高温热浪日数呈增加趋势;不同等级高温热浪日数增加幅度从大到小依次是轻度、中度、重度;湿型高温热浪为主要类型且呈显著增加趋势。当中高纬度地区存在明显的“两脊两槽”或者“两脊一槽”环流形势,山东易发高温热浪天气,西北太平洋洋面上副热带高压异常偏强偏北,连续晴好天气的下沉气流导致气温升高和持续。High temperature weather occurs frequently in Shandong Province.Studying the variation law of different high temperature indexes and their circulation background is conducive to better defense against the adverse effects of high temperature weather.Based on the daily meteorological observation data of daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and relative humidity of 122 national meteorological stations in Shandong Province from 1981 to 2022,the variation characteristics of high temperature weather in Shandong Province were studied by analyzing the annual maximum temperature,high temperature days,warm night days,and high tem⁃perature heat wave days,and the circulation situations of typical high temperature heat wave processes were analyzed.The results show that high temperature weather mainly occurs in the central and western regions of Shandong,and less in the peninsula area.The annual maximum temperature is higher in the west and lower in the east,and high temperature days,warm night days and high temperature heat wave days are characterize by the distribution of more in the west and less in the east.The annual maximum temperature,high tem⁃perature days,warm night days and high temperature heat wave days with different grades in Shandong Province show an increasing trend,and the increase range is larger in the west and smaller in the east.The increase range of annual high temperature heat wave days with different grades is mild,moderate and severe in descending order.The wet type high temperature heat wave weather is domi⁃nant and shows a significant increasing trend.When there is an obvious circulation situation of“two ridges and two troughs”or“two ridges and one trough”in the middle and high latitudes,it is prone to high temperature and heat wave weathers in Shandong Province,and the subtropical high pressure over the northwest Pacific Ocean is abnormally strong and northerly,and the downdraft under continu⁃ous fine weathers causes the temperature to rise and high temperature persist

关 键 词：湿型高温热浪 典型过程 环流形势 山东 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]