基于精细化观测的国家体育场区域气温特征研究  

Study on air temperature characteristics in the National Stadium area based on refined observations

作　　者：张治国 崔炜 聂凯 李林 ZHANG Zhiguo;CUI Wei;NIE Kai;LI Lin(Beijing Municipal Meteorological Observation Center,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市气象探测中心,北京100089

出　　处：《干旱气象》2025年第1期88-96,共9页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J061、CXFZ2022J058)资助。

摘　　要：国家体育场(简称“鸟巢”)及其周边3 km范围内的北京奥林匹克公园(简称“奥森”)和国家奥林匹克体育中心(简称“奥体”)区域,分别代表大型密集建筑体育场馆区、自然下垫面区域及临近大型体育场馆的3种不同地面气象探测环境。利用2020—2021年鸟巢、奥森和奥体区域自动气象站的逐时气温、降雨量、风速和风向观测资料,对鸟巢周围不同气象探测环境下的气温特征进行精细化分析。研究结果表明,与奥森站相比,奥体和鸟巢看台的年平均温度分别高出1.3、2.1℃,且冬半年气温差异明显大于夏半年;鸟巢内部看台区的逐月平均气温普遍高于冠顶区域,东看台年平均气温略高于西看台0.2℃,鸟巢半封闭冠顶结构导致的阴影遮蔽效应使其逐时温差与太阳高度角呈良好对应关系。此外,奥体与奥森站的逐时月平均气温变化趋势较为一致,但奥森站气温变化更快。研究还发现,各气象站的温差与风速和降水天气条件存在相应的关联特征。The National Stadium(Bird’s Nest),Beijing Olympic Park(Osen)and the National Olympic Sports Center(Oti)within a 3 km radius represent three distinct near-ground meteorological detection environments:the dense building sports venue area,the natural underlying surface,and the vicinity of large sports venues,respectively.Using hourly observation data of temperature,rainfall,wind speed and wind direction from meteorological stations in the Bird’s Nest,Osen,and Oti areas from 2020 to 2021,this study conducted a detailed analysis of temperature characteristics in these different environments.Results show that the annual average temperature at the Oti and the Bird’s Nest seat areas was 1.3 and 2.1℃higher than that at the Osen.The temperature differences were more pro⁃nounced during the winter half-year than in the summer half-year.Within the Bird’s Nest,the monthly average temperature of the seat area was generally higher than that of the canopy,with the east seats being 0.2℃warmer than the west seats.This difference was closely related to the shading effects of the semi-closed canopy structure,which showed a strong correspondence with changes in the so⁃lar elevation angle.The hourly average temperature trends at Oti and Osen were largely consistent,but the temperature changes more rapidly at Osen.The study revealed that temperature differences between stations were associated with variations in wind speed and precipitation conditions.

关 键 词：国家体育场 探测环境 气温 太阳高度角 降水量 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]