银川城市热岛效应演变及湖泊湿地降温效果评估  

Evolution of urban heat island effect in Yinchuan and evaluation of cooling effect of lake wetland

作　　者：高睿娜 朱晓炜 王璠[1,2] 翟颖佳 缑晓辉 周积强[5] GAO Ruina;ZHU Xiaowei;WANG Fan;ZHAI Yingjia;GOU Xiaohui;ZHOU Jiqiang(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Climate Center,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Service Center,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Disaster Defense Technology Center,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气候中心,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏气象台,宁夏银川750002 [4]宁夏气象服务中心,宁夏银川750002 [5]宁夏气象灾害防御技术中心,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《干旱气象》2025年第1期97-103,共7页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划(2022BEG03058、2022BEG02020);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03673、2023AAC03793、2023AAC03794);宁夏青年拔尖人才培养项目;宁夏智能数字预报技术与应用创新团队共同资助。

摘　　要：随着气候变暖和城市化进程加快,热岛效应不断加剧,在定量评估的基础上如何采取有效措施减缓热岛效应成为当前急需解决的问题。利用1961—2022年银川及周边国家级气象站年平均气温和2017—2021年夏季Landsat8卫星资料,对比分析银川城区热岛强度与城市化进程的演变关系,并针对可以有效缓解城市热环境的湖泊湿地,选取典型高温过程,定量评估湖泊湿地不同缓冲区距离的降温效果。结果表明:1961—2000年银川城区热岛效应不明显,2000年之后城区气象站年平均气温和增温速率明显高于参考站,热岛效应凸显;热岛强度与城市化水平呈显著正相关(相关系数达0.78),通过0.01的显著性检验;银川城区典型湖泊湿地在夏季高温过程中降温效果明显,尤其500 m范围内地表温度降温效应明显,其中100 m范围内地表温度下降最多(达2.5℃),随着与水体距离的增加,降温幅度逐渐下降,距离400~500 m范围内地表温度平均下降0.5℃。With the acceleration of climate warming and urbanization,the heat island effect is intensifying.How to take effective mea⁃sures to mitigate the heat island effect on the basis of quantitative evaluation had become an urgent problem to be solved.Based on an⁃nual average temperature of national meteorological stations in Yinchuan and its surroundings from 1961 to 2022 and the data of Land⁃sat8 in summer from 2017 to 2021,the relationship between heat island intensity and urbanization process in Yinchuan urban area was analyzed.The typical high temperature processes were selected,and the cooling effect of different buffer distances of lake wetland was evaluated quantitatively aiming at the lake wetland which could effectively alleviate the urban thermal environment.The results show that the effect of urban heat island was not obvious during 1961-2000 in Yinchuan,but after 2000,the average temperature and warm⁃ing rate were significantly higher than those of reference stations,indicating that the effect of urban heat island was obvious.The corre⁃lation coefficient between heat island intensity and urbanization level reached 0.78,which passed the 0.01 significance test and showed a positive correlation.The typical lake wetland in Yinchuan urban area had obvious cooling effect during the summer high temperature processes,especially the surface temperature cooling effect within 500 m,in which the surface temperature dropped the most(up to 2.5℃)within 100 m,and the cooling range gradually decreased with the increase of distance from the water body.The average land sur⁃face temperature drops by 0.5℃in the distance of 400-500 m.

关 键 词：城市热岛 城市水体 降温效应 热岛强度 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]