基于SNP芯片的二系杂交小麦亲本遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Parental Lines of Two-Line Hybrid Wheat Based on SNP Array

作　　者：侯起岭 杨卫兵 秦志列[1] 郝小聪 岳洁茹 苑少华[1] 梁玉龙 庞斌双[1] 赵昌平[1] 张风廷[1] 孙辉[1] HOU Qiling;YANG Weibing;QIN Zhilie;HAO Xiaocong;YUE Jieru;YUAN Shaohua;LIANG Yulong;PANG Binshuang;ZHAO Changping;ZHANG Fengting;SUN Hui(Hybrid Wheat Research Institute,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期311-321,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-3);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230125)。

摘　　要：二系杂交小麦是中国目前杂交小麦的主要类型。为解析二系杂交小麦亲本之间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,本研究利用小麦90K SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)芯片对123份二系杂交小麦亲本进行全基因组扫描,分析品种间的遗传距离及多样性。结果表明,小麦21条染色体上SNP位点的多态性比率达到82.40%。每条染色体分布895~6165个多态性位点,这些多态性位点在亚基因组间分布呈现B>A>D,在7个同源群间的分布呈现5>3>1>2>7>6>4。123个杂交小麦亲本间的遗传距离为0.001~0.513,平均为0.369。其中60个不育系的遗传距离在0.001~0.499之间,平均为0.324;63个恢复系的遗传距离在0.002~0.513之间,平均为0.372;60个不育系与63个恢复系之间的遗传距离在0.225~0.511之间,平均为0.387。聚类分析可将所有材料分为4个不同类群。综合SNP和供试材料类型分析,不育系与恢复系之间的遗传距离最大,其次是恢复系之间,不育系之间遗传距离最小。基于遗传距离和亲缘关系分析发现,供试二系杂交小麦亲本遗传差异整体偏小,部分亲本有近交趋势,需要拓宽遗传基础和增加亲本的遗传多样性,以提高杂交小麦育种水平。Two-line hybrid wheat is currently the main type of hybrid wheat in China.To analyze the genetic diversity and relationships between the parental lines of the two-line hybrid wheat,this study used the wheat 90K SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)array to conduct a genome-wide screening of 123 parental lines of two-line hybrid wheat,and to estimate the genetic distance between lines and reveal their genetic diversity.The results showed that the polymorphism rate of SNP loci on the 21 wheat chromosomes reached up to 82.40%.The distribution of polymorphic loci on each chromosome ranged from 895 to 6165,and the distribution of polymorphic markers among sub-genomes ranked as B>A>D,with the number of polymorphic markers distributed in 7 homoeologous groups in the order of 5>3>1>2>7>6>4.The genetic distance between the 123 hybrid wheat parental lines ranged from 0.001 to 0.513,with an average of 0.369.Among them,the genetic distance of the 60 male sterile lines ranged from 0.001 to 0.499,with an average of 0.324;the genetic distance of the 63 restorer lines ranged from 0.002 to 0.513,with an average of 0.372;and the genetic distance between the 60 male sterile lines with the 63 restorer lines ranged from 0.225 to 0.511,with an average of 0.387.The clustering results showed that all materials were divided into four different clusters.Integrated analysis of SNP and material types showed that the genetic distance between male sterile lines and restorer lines was the largest,followed by the difference between restorer lines,while the difference between male sterile lines was the smallest.Based on the analysis of genetic distance and relationships,it was found that the genetic differences among the two-line hybrid wheat parents are generally small,with some parents showing inbreeding tendencies.It is necessary to broaden the genetic background and increase the genetic diversity of the parents to improve the breeding level of hybrid wheat.

关 键 词：杂交小麦 亲本 SNP 遗传差异 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330