小麦直立株型种质耐密性评价及鉴定指标筛选  

Evaluation and Screening of Identification Indices of Planting Density Tolerance in Common Wheat Germplasm with Erect Plant Type

作　　者：刘梦莹 张玉 张嘉豪 陈建省[1,2] 张卫东 孟庆福[3] 马玉华 鄢照新 LIU Mengying;ZHANG Yu;ZHANG Jiahao;CHEN Jiansheng;ZHANG Weidong;MENG Qingfu;MA Yuhua;YAN Zhaoxin(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China;National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China;Qingdao Zhongnong Intelligent Holdings Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266400,China;Qingdao Shannong Jinmai Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266400,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]小麦育种全国重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]青岛中农智慧控股集团有限公司,山东青岛266400 [4]青岛山农金麦农业科技有限公司,山东青岛266400

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期349-359,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：山东省科技厅良种工程(2022LZGC005);青岛市科技惠民示范专项项目(23-2-8-xdny-18-nsh)。

摘　　要：作为一种特殊株型,小麦直立株型的特点是分蘖直立生长,冠层紧密,常规行距种植行间空隙大,而且直立株型小麦冠层穗容量较大,如果增加播量,缩减行距,可提高小麦产量。因此,有必要研究直立株型小麦在密植条件下的性状表现。本研究以15个不同亲本来源的直立株型小麦品系为材料,在高密度(3.30×10^(6)株·hm^(-2))、超高密度(4.50×10^(6)株·hm^(-2))下种植,调查了9个主要农艺性状;计算性状耐密系数,通过主成分分析进行指标转化,计算综合耐密评价值(D值);利用逐步回归分析方法建立数学模型,筛选适合的耐密鉴定指标。结果表明,在适当高密条件下,直立株型小麦可以获得较高的籽粒产量;3个综合指标的累计贡献率为85.24%,依据D值聚类分析可将15个材料分为极强、强、中度和弱耐密型小麦;其中6个性状,包括鲜重(X_(7))、千粒重(X_(4))、倒伏程度(X_(9))、单位面积穗数(X_(2))、株高(X_(5))和机械强度(X_(8)),可作为小麦直立株型品系的耐密性鉴定的核心指标,耐密性评估数学模型为D=4.330X_(7)+8.838X_(4)-0.325X_(9)+0.463X_(2)+4.501X_(5)+2.092X_(8)-18.499,估计精度在89.20%以上。As a special plant type,the erect plant type of wheat is characterized by upright tillering growth,tight canopy,large inter-row gaps in conventional row spacing planting,and large spike capacity in the wheat canopy.If the sowing rate increased and the row spacing reduced,wheat yield can be improved.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the unique agronomic characteristics of this type of wheat germplasm under dense planting conditions.In this study,15 wheat lines with erect plant type derived from different parents were used as experimental materials.The wheat lines were planted under two higher planting densities.Nine main agronomic characters were investigated and the density tolerance coefficients(DTC)was calculated.DTC of the nine agronomic traits were transformed into comprehensive indicators through principal component analysis and the comprehensive density tolerance evaluation value D was calculated to evaluate the density tolerance of the erect plant type wheat.A mathematical model was established using stepwise regression analysis method,and suitable density identification indicators were screened.The results showed that under appropriate high planting density conditions,erect plant type wheat achieved higher grain yields.The cumulative contribution rate of three comprehensive indicators was 85.24%.Based on D value clustering analysis,15 materials can be divided into extremely strong,strong,moderate,and weak tolerant lines to planting density.Six core evaluation traits,including fresh weight(X_(7)),thousand grains weight(X_(4)),lodging degree(X_(9)),number of ears per hectare(X_(2)),plant height(X_(5)),and mechanical strength(X_(8))were screened as indices to identify the planting density tolerance of erect plant wheat.The mathematical model for evaluating the planting density tolerance of upright wheat is D=4.330X_(7)+8.838 X_(4)-0.325X_(9)+0.463X_(2)+4.501X_(5)+2.092X_(8)-18.499,with an estimation accuracy of over 89.20%.

关 键 词：小麦 耐密性 主成分分析 隶属函数法 逐步回归 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330