彩色小麦色素性状遗传机理研究进展  

Research Progress of Genetic Mechanisms of Pigment Traits in Colored Wheat

作　　者：蔡岳 宋昱 李峰 于章龙 邱玉亮 杨运良 CAI Yue;SONG Yu;LI Feng;YU Zhanglong;QIU Yuliang;YANG Yunliang(Shanxi Agricultural University,Yuncheng,Shanxi 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期360-365,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC003);黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心项目(SBGJXTZX-07)。

摘　　要：彩色小麦富含花青素、蛋白质、维生素、叶酸、硒、锌、铁等营养成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、调节血糖、增强免疫、延缓衰老、预防心血管病等营养食疗功能,是功能营养优质小麦种质资源。常见的彩色小麦主要包括紫粒和蓝粒两大类。紫粒色素基因主要在种皮表达,为母性遗传模式;蓝粒色素基因主要在糊粉层表达,是花粉直感效应遗传模式。为深入理解彩色小麦的遗传和分子机理、了解相关研究的前沿进展,本文从彩色小麦中色素积累的遗传特征、染色体定位、遗传作图、分子克隆和机理研究等方面进行全面的回顾和综述,探讨彩色小麦遗传改良的相关问题。Colored wheat,rich in anthocyanins,proteins,vitamins,folic acid,selenium,zinc,iron,and other nutritional components,exhibits therapeutic nutritional functions such as antioxidation,anti-inflammation,anti-cancer,blood sugar regulation,immune enhancement,anti-aging,and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.It serves as a valuable genetic resource for functional nutrition in wheat.Common types of the colored wheat include purple and blue grains,with the purple grain pigment gene predominantly expressed in the seed coat,following a maternal inheritance pattern.In contrast,the blue grain pigment gene is mainly expressed in the aleurone layer,exhibiting a pollen-sensitive inheritance pattern.To deeply understand the genetics and molecular mechanisms of colored wheat and to keep abreast of the latest research advancements,this article comprehensively reviewed and summarized the genetic characteristics of pigment accumulation in colored wheat,chromosomal localization,genetic mapping,molecular cloning,and mechanistic studies,and discussed relevant issues in the genetic improvement of colored wheat.

关 键 词：彩色小麦 蓝色糊粉层 紫色果皮 遗传机理 基因挖掘 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330