高低畦种植模式对黄河三角洲地区小麦植株形态、产量和品质的影响  

Influence of High-and Low-Ridge Planting Mode on the Morphology,Yield and Quality of Wheat in the Yellow River Delta Region

作　　者：王宁 孙一鸣 何忠振 韩哲 于家川 武利峰 高琪 杨婕 刘树泽 WANG Ning;SUN Yiming;HE Zhongzhen;HAN Zhe;YU Jiachuan;WU Lifeng;GAO Qi;YANG Jie;LIU Shuze(Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Binzhou,Shandong 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州市农业科学院,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期378-385,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-59)。

摘　　要：为明确高低畦种植模式对黄河三角洲地区小麦的效应,以小麦品种济麦22和衡观35为材料,小畦种植模式为对照,于2021-2023连续两年,研究了高低畦模式对小麦株高构成指数、叶面积指数、产量及其构成因素、籽粒品质等指标的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,高畦种植的小麦株高显著降低,穗下节和株高指数显著升高;低畦种植小麦株高明显增加,穗下节和株高指数显著降低;高、低畦小麦的叶面积、叶面积指数均有所增加,叶面积指数降低,穗数增加11.15%~20.26%,产量提高了9.73%~14.15%;高畦比低畦小麦具有更高有效穗数,用三分之一的土地面积贡献41.18%的产量。在籽粒品质方面,高畦和低畦小麦的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间、延伸性、拉伸面积等品质指标均与对照差异不显著。综上所述,高低畦种植能显著提高小麦产量,对籽粒品质性状影响不显著;高畦较低畦小麦具有更高的群体数量,对产量贡献更大;高低畦种植可作为黄河三角洲地区小麦高产种植模式。To clarify the effects of high-and low-ridge planting patterns on wheat in the Yellow River Delta Region,the effects of high-and low-ridge planting mode on wheat plant height component index,leaf area index,yield and yield component factors,grain quality and other indicators were studied from 2021 to 2023,using wheat varieties Jimai 22 and Hengguan 35 as materials.The small ridge planting mode was used as control.The results showed that compared with the control,the plant height of wheat planted in high-ridge significantly decreased,while the peduncle and plant height index significantly increased.The plant height of wheat planted in low-ridge significantly increased,while the peduncle and plant height index significantly decreased.The leaf area and leaf area index of wheat in high-and low-ridge increased,while the functional leaf area index decreased.The number of spikes was increased by 11.15%to 20.26%,and the yield was increased by 9.73%to 14.15%.Wheat in high-ridge had more effective spikes than that in low-ridge did,contributing 41.18%of the yield with one-third of the planting area.In terms of wheat grain quality,there were no significant differences in protein content,wet gluten content,stability time,extensibility,and stretching area between high-and low-ridge wheat and the control.In summary,high-and low-ridge planting can significantly increase wheat yield,but has no significant impact on grain quality traits.High-ridge wheat has a higher population size and a greater contribution to yield compared to low-ridge wheat.High-and low-ridge planting can be used as a high-yield wheat planting mode in the Yellow River Delta Region.

关 键 词：小麦 高低畦种植模式 植株形态 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311