施氮量对冬包蛋小麦干物质积累、产量及氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation,Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Extremely Late Sowing Winter Wheat

作　　者：邢俊刚 谢小清[2] 李胜楠 薛丽华[2] 章建新[1] 蒋鹏程 杨浩 刘斌 XING Jungang;XIE Xiaoqing;LI Shengnnan;XUE Lihua;ZHANG Jianxin;JIANG Pengcheng;YANG Hao;LIU Bin(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Emin County Meteorological Bureau,Emin,Xinjiang 834600,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]额敏县气象局,新疆额敏834600

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期386-394,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060433);新疆农业科学院自主培育专项项目(xjnkyzzp-2022001)。

摘　　要：为明确施氮对北疆冬包蛋小麦产量形成及氮素利用的调节作用,以冬小麦品种新冬18号为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,田间设置0 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(0))、75 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1))、150 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2))、225 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(3))和300 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(4))5个施氮水平,分析了施氮量对冬包蛋小麦叶面积指数、干物质积累、植株氮素积累、氮肥吸收利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥可增加小麦叶面积指数、总光合势、干物质积累量和干物质快速积累持续天数,其中N_(3)和N_(4)处理最大叶面积指数(4.57~4.76和4.58~4.79)、总光合势(181.50~206.43和185.09~208.13 m^(2)·d·m^(-2))、最大干物质积累量(19903.28~21821.78和20519.38~22249.95 kg·hm^(-2))和干物质快速积累持续天数(26.2d~27.3和26.6~27.3 d)均显著高于其余处理,且N_(3)、N_(4)处理间无显著差异。随着施氮水平的提高,花前氮素转运量和成熟期籽粒氮素积累量增加,且均表现为叶>茎鞘>穗;土壤氮贡献率、氮肥利用效率、氮肥吸收效率以及氮素收获指数均随施氮量增加呈下降趋势,氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率呈先上升后下降的趋势,均以N_(3)处理最大(60.52%~65.64%和6.35~12.48 kg·kg-1);N_(3)处理籽粒产量最高,较N_(0)处理增加21.27%~40.51%。在本试验条件下,北疆冬包蛋小麦高产的适宜施氮量为225 kg·hm^(-2)(拔节期150 kg·hm^(-2)+孕穗期75 kg·hm^(-2))。In order to determine the effect of nitrogen application rate on the yield formation ofextremely late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang,Xindong 18 was selected as the material and randomized block experimental design was adopted.Five nitrogen treatments of 0 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(0)),75 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1)),150 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)),225 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(3))and 300 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(4))were set up in the field.The leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,plant nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency and their relationship with yield were systematically studied.The results showed that:with the increase the amount of nitrogen application,the leaf area index,total photosynthetic potential,the accumulation of dry matter,and the number of days of rapid accumulation of dry matter increased,among which maximum leaf area index(4.57-4.76 and 4.58-4.79)and total photosynthetic potential(181.50-206.43 m^(2)·d·m^(-2)and 185.09-208.13 m^(2)·d·m^(-2)),maximum dry matter accumulation(19903.28-21821.78 kg·hm^(-2)and 20519.38-22249.95 kg·hm^(-2))and duration of rapid dry matter accumulation(26.2-27.3 d and 26.6-27.3 d)were significantly higher under N_(3)and N_(4)treatments than those under the remaining treatments.There was no significant difference between N_(3)and N_(4)treatments.With the increase of N application rate,nitrogen accumulation in grains at maturity was increased;nitrogen transfer before anthesis was increased,with all organs ranking as leaf>stem sheath>spike.Soil nitrogen contribution rate,nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer absorption efficiency and nitrogen harvesting index all showed a downward trend with the increase of nitrogen application amount.The utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer agronological efficiency has a tendency to rise first and then decline,among which N_(3)treatment was the largest(60.52%-65.64%and 6.35-12.48 kg·kg-1).The grain yield of N_(3)treatment was highest,21.27%-40.51%higher than that of N_

关 键 词：施氮量 冬小麦 极晚播 干物质积累 产量 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311