冬小麦群体结构及产量对播期和追氮时期的响应  

Population Structure and Yield Response of Winter Wheat to Sowing Date and Nitrogen Topdressing Stage

作　　者：王婷 常旭虹[2] 王艳杰[2] 刘希伟 杨玉双[2] 王德梅[2] 石书兵[1] 赵广才[2] WANG Ting;CHANG Xuhong;WANG Yanjie;LIU Xiwei;YANG Yushuang;WANG Demei;SHI Shubing;ZHAO Guangcai(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Open Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期395-403,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-03);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300407)。

摘　　要：为探究播期和追氮时期对冬小麦群体结构和籽粒产量的调控效应,以冬小麦品种中麦108为材料,通过开展不同播期(S1:9月29日;S2:10月31日)和追氮时期(N1:返青期;N2:拔节期)田间试验,分析了冬小麦生育进程、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、群体动态、干物质积累、农艺性状、籽粒产量及其构成因素在不同处理间的差异。结果表明,S2的出苗至返青的生长天数较S1少35 d,但返青至成熟的天数在两个播期间仅差1 d。S1的各生育时期NDVI、群体茎蘖数、干物质积累量均高于S2,但S2的干物质积累量与S1差异随生育进程的推进逐渐缩小;S1的籽粒产量和穗数显著高于S2,但穗茎比、小穗结实率和穗粒数表现相反。追氮时期对拔节期和灌浆后期的NDVI影响显著,N1显著高于N2;但N2的开花期和成熟期干物积累量均高于N1,在S1条件下分别提高6.9%和11.4%,在S2条件下分别提高4.4%和4.9%;茎蘖成穗率、籽粒产量及其构成因素在N1与N2间无显著差异。总体来看,晚播(S2)条件下冬小麦可以通过自身调节加速生育进程,提高干物质生产速率、小穗结实率和穗粒数以保证一定的产量;返青期追氮有利于提高晚播小麦的春季植被指数和茎蘖数,拔节期追氮则有利于花后干物质的积累。In order to investigate the regulatory effects of sowing date and nitrogen topdressing stage and their interaction on the population structure and grain yield of winter wheat,the field experiment was carried out using winter wheat cultivar Zhongmai 108,In this study,different sowing dates(S1:September 29;S2:October 31)and nitrogen topdressing stage(N1:Regreening stage;N2:Jointing stage)was conducted to analyze difference of growth process,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),population dynamics,dry matter accumulation,agronomic traits,grain yield and its components of winter wheat among different treatments.The results showed that days from seeding emergence to regreening of S2 was 35 days less than that of S1,but days from regreening to maturity was only 1 day less than that of S1.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),tillers number and dry matter accumulation amount of S1 were higher than those of S2 at each growth stage,while dry matter amount differences between S2 and S1 gradually narrowed following the growth process.The grain yield and spikes number of S1 were significantly higher than those of S2,however,the spike stem ratio,fertility rate of spikelets and grain number per spike were opposite.NDVI at jointing and late filling stage was significantly affected by nitrogen topdressing stage,which in N1 treatment was significantly higher than in N2.Nevertheless,dry matter accumulation amount at flowering and maturity stages of N2 was higher than that of N1,which increased by 6.9%and 11.4%under S1 conditions,and increased by 4.4%and 4.9%under S2 conditions,respectively.There was no significant difference in productive tiller percentage,grain yield and its components between N1 and N2.In general,under the condition of late sowing(S2),winter wheat can accelerate the growth process through self-regulation,increase dry matter production rate,spikelet seed setting rate and grain number per spike to ensure a certain yield;nitrogen topdressing at regreening stage was beneficial to improve the sprin

关 键 词：冬小麦 播期 追氮时期 群体动态 物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311