不同水文年型下河北旱碱麦需水量和缺水量分析  

Analysis of Water Demand and Water Deficit of Drought-Alkali Wheat in Hebei under Different Hydrological Year Patterns

作　　者：秦俊灵 魏瑞江[1,2,4] 魏秀梅 秦玉萍 任妙春 李琛 QIN Junling;WEI Ruijiang;WEI Xiumei;QIN Yuping;REN Miaochun;LI Chen(Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050021,China;China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory,Xiong'an,Hebei 071800,China;Cangzhou Meteorological Bureau,Cangzhou 061000,China;Meteorological Science Institute of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050021,China;Huailai County Meteorological Bureau,Huailai,Hebei 07500,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,河北石家庄050021 [2]中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室,河北雄安071800 [3]河北省沧州市气象局,河北沧州061000 [4]河北省气象科学研究所,河北石家庄050021 [5]河北省怀来县气象局,河北怀来075000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2025年第3期404-411,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

摘　　要：为量化河北旱碱麦各生育期需水量及缺水量指标,利用旱碱麦主产区气象观测资料,采用皮尔逊Ⅲ型曲线以降水频率界限值25%、50%、75%确定丰水年、平水年、枯水年、特枯水年4种水文年型及相应有效降水量,利用Penman-Monteith模型并结合作物系数法和土壤修正系数法,求得在4种水文年型下旱碱麦的需水量、缺水量和灌溉需求指数及其时空分布特征。结果表明,1988-2022年间,旱碱麦全生育期需水量显著增加,降水量、有效降水量、缺水量均呈增多趋势。缺水量和灌溉需求指数随年降水量的减少均明显增大,4种年型下缺水量分别为97.7、106.5、126.2和149.7 mm,灌溉需求指数分别为0.56、0.60、0.70和0.79;而不同年型间需水量差异较小,均值为181.0 mm。空间上,需水量呈北多南少,缺水量呈西北多东南少。各生育时期需水特征有明显差异,返青期至灌浆期需水量较大,水分亏缺较为严重,其中返青期亏缺最严重,需水量、缺水量和灌溉需求指数分别为48.1 mm、38.7 mm和0.80。综合来看,根据水文年型按照不同比例进行旱碱麦调水灌溉,可节约灌溉成本,保障旱碱麦稳产高产;区划时侧重向南部孟村、盐山、海兴县市扩展,可实现旱碱麦播种面积的有效扩展,加强盐碱地综合利用。In order to quantify the water demand and water deficit indices of drought-alkali wheat in Hebei Province at each growth stage,using the meteorological observation data of the main production areas of drought-alkali wheat,the PearsonⅢtype curve was used to determine the four hydrological annual types of wet year,average year,dry year and extreme dry year and the corresponding effective precipitation.Characteristics of water deficit and irrigation demand index and their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were determined using the Penman-Monteith model,combined with the crop coefficient method and the soil correction coefficient method.The results showed that from 1988 to 2022,the water demand of drought-alkali wheat increased significantly during the whole growth period,and the precipitation,effective precipitation,and water deficit showed an increasing trend.The water deficit and irrigation demand indices increased significantly with the decrease of annual precipitation.For the four hydrological annual types,the water deficit were 97.7,106.5,126.2 and 149.7 mm,respectively;the irrigation demand indices were 0.56,0.60,0.70 and 0.79,respectively,while the difference in water demand was 181.0 mm among different year patterns.Spatially,the water demand was more in the north and less in the south,and the water deficit was more in the northwest and less in the southeast.There were obvious differences in the characteristics of water demand at different growth stages,and the water demand from the reviving stage to the grain filling stage was larger,and the water deficit was more serious.The deficit was the most serious at the reviving stage,with the water demand,water deficit and irrigation demand indices were 48.1 mm,38.7 mm,and 0.80,respectively.As a whole,the irrigation of drought-alkali wheat can be carried out according to the hydrological year with different proportions,which can save irrigation costs and ensure the stable and high yield of drought-alkali wheat.Expansion to Mengcun,Yanshan,and Haix

关 键 词：旱碱麦 水文年型 需水量 缺水量 灌溉需求指数 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311